diff --git a/SimTKcommon/BigMatrix/include/SimTKcommon/internal/VectorIterator.h b/SimTKcommon/BigMatrix/include/SimTKcommon/internal/VectorIterator.h
index 79c07e61e..b454fcefc 100644
--- a/SimTKcommon/BigMatrix/include/SimTKcommon/internal/VectorIterator.h
+++ b/SimTKcommon/BigMatrix/include/SimTKcommon/internal/VectorIterator.h
@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@ class VectorIterator {
     same vector as the source iterator. **/
     VectorIterator& operator=(const VectorIterator& source) = default;
 
-    ELT& operator*() {
+    /** Dereference the iterator to access the element it points to. Note
+    that although the iterator may be const, it can still point to a 
+    mutable element. **/
+    ELT& operator*() const {
         assert (index >= 0 && index < vectorp->size());
         return (*vectorp)[(int)index];
     }
-    ELT& operator[](ptrdiff_t i) {
-        assert (i >= 0 && i < vectorp->size());
-        return (*vectorp)[(int)i];
-    }
+
     VectorIterator& operator++() {
         assert (index < vectorp->size());
         ++index;
diff --git a/SimTKcommon/Polynomial/src/cpoly.cpp b/SimTKcommon/Polynomial/src/cpoly.cpp
index 3b3b6f78d..d97b78c5a 100644
--- a/SimTKcommon/Polynomial/src/cpoly.cpp
+++ b/SimTKcommon/Polynomial/src/cpoly.cpp
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ T CPoly<T>::scale( const int nn, const T pt[], const T eta, const T infin, const
       if( infin / sc > max ) sc = 1;
       }
    l = (int)( log( sc ) / log(base ) + 0.5 );
-   fn_val = pow( base , l );
+   fn_val = T(std::pow( base , l )); // extraneous cast required by VS 16.8.2
    return fn_val;
    }
 
diff --git a/SimTKcommon/Polynomial/src/rpoly.cpp b/SimTKcommon/Polynomial/src/rpoly.cpp
index 10a399194..05afde29f 100644
--- a/SimTKcommon/Polynomial/src/rpoly.cpp
+++ b/SimTKcommon/Polynomial/src/rpoly.cpp
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ int RPoly<T>::findRoots(T *op, int degree, T *zeror, T *zeroi)
             sc = smalno;
     }
     l = (int)(log(sc)/log(base) + 0.5);
-    factor = pow(base*(T) 1.0,l);
+    factor = T(std::pow( base, l )); // extraneous cast required by VS 16.8.2
     if (factor != 1.0) {
         for (i=0;i<=n;i++) 
             p[i] = factor*p[i];     /* Scale polynomial. */