Ultralytics Code Refactor https://ultralytics.com/actions (#14109)

Signed-off-by: Glenn Jocher <glenn.jocher@ultralytics.com>
Co-authored-by: UltralyticsAssistant <web@ultralytics.com>

examples/YOLOv8-Action-Recognition/action_recognition.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class TorchVisionVideoClassifier:
         """
         return list(TorchVisionVideoClassifier.model_name_to_model_and_weights.keys())
 
-    def preprocess_crops_for_video_cls(self, crops: List[np.ndarray], input_size: list = [224, 224]) -> torch.Tensor:
+    def preprocess_crops_for_video_cls(self, crops: List[np.ndarray], input_size: list = None) -> torch.Tensor:
         """
         Preprocess a list of crops for video classification.
 
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ class TorchVisionVideoClassifier:
         Returns:
             torch.Tensor: Preprocessed crops as a tensor with dimensions (1, T, C, H, W).
         """
+        if input_size is None:
+            input_size = [224, 224]
         from torchvision.transforms import v2
 
         transform = v2.Compose(
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ class HuggingFaceVideoClassifier:
             model = model.half()
         self.model = model.eval()
 
-    def preprocess_crops_for_video_cls(self, crops: List[np.ndarray], input_size: list = [224, 224]) -> torch.Tensor:
+    def preprocess_crops_for_video_cls(self, crops: List[np.ndarray], input_size: list = None) -> torch.Tensor:
         """
         Preprocess a list of crops for video classification.
 
@@ -167,6 +169,8 @@ class HuggingFaceVideoClassifier:
         Returns:
             torch.Tensor: Preprocessed crops as a tensor (1, T, C, H, W).
         """
+        if input_size is None:
+            input_size = [224, 224]
         from torchvision.transforms import v2
 
         transform = v2.Compose(
@@ -266,15 +270,7 @@ def run(
     video_cls_overlap_ratio: float = 0.25,
     fp16: bool = False,
     video_classifier_model: str = "microsoft/xclip-base-patch32",
-    labels: List[str] = [
+    labels: List[str] = None,
-        "walking",
-        "running",
-        "brushing teeth",
-        "looking into phone",
-        "weight lifting",
-        "cooking",
-        "sitting",
-    ],
 ) -> None:
     """
     Run action recognition on a video source using YOLO for object detection and a video classifier.
@@ -295,6 +291,16 @@ def run(
     Returns:
         None</edit>
     """
+    if labels is None:
+        labels = [
+            "walking",
+            "running",
+            "brushing teeth",
+            "looking into phone",
+            "weight lifting",
+            "cooking",
+            "sitting",
+        ]
     # Initialize models and device
     device = select_device(device)
     yolo_model = YOLO(weights).to(device)
@@ -312,9 +318,7 @@ def run(
     # Initialize video capture
     if source.startswith("http") and urlparse(source).hostname in {"www.youtube.com", "youtube.com", "youtu.be"}:
         source = get_best_youtube_url(source)
-    elif source.endswith(".mp4"):
+    elif not source.endswith(".mp4"):
-        pass
-    else:
         raise ValueError("Invalid source. Supported sources are YouTube URLs and MP4 files.")
     cap = cv2.VideoCapture(source)
 

examples/YOLOv8-OpenCV-int8-tflite-Python/main.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ class LetterBox:
     def __init__(
         self, new_shape=(img_width, img_height), auto=False, scaleFill=False, scaleup=True, center=True, stride=32
     ):
+        """Initializes LetterBox with parameters for reshaping and transforming image while maintaining aspect ratio."""
         self.new_shape = new_shape
         self.auto = auto
         self.scaleFill = scaleFill

tests/conftest.py

@@ -11,18 +11,24 @@ def pytest_addoption(parser):
     Add custom command-line options to pytest.
 
     Args:
-        parser (pytest.config.Parser): The pytest parser object.
+        parser (pytest.config.Parser): The pytest parser object for adding custom command-line options.
+
+    Returns:
+        (None)
     """
     parser.addoption("--slow", action="store_true", default=False, help="Run slow tests")
 
 
 def pytest_collection_modifyitems(config, items):
     """
-    Modify the list of test items to remove tests marked as slow if the --slow option is not provided.
+    Modify the list of test items to exclude tests marked as slow if the --slow option is not specified.
 
     Args:
-        config (pytest.config.Config): The pytest config object.
+        config (pytest.config.Config): The pytest configuration object that provides access to command-line options.
-        items (list): List of test items to be executed.
+        items (list): The list of collected pytest item objects to be modified based on the presence of --slow option.
+
+    Returns:
+        (None) The function modifies the 'items' list in place, and does not return a value.
     """
     if not config.getoption("--slow"):
         # Remove the item entirely from the list of test items if it's marked as 'slow'
@@ -38,6 +44,9 @@ def pytest_sessionstart(session):
 
     Args:
         session (pytest.Session): The pytest session object.
+
+    Returns:
+        (None)
     """
     from ultralytics.utils.torch_utils import init_seeds
 
@@ -54,9 +63,12 @@ def pytest_terminal_summary(terminalreporter, exitstatus, config):
     and directories used during testing.
 
     Args:
-        terminalreporter (pytest.terminal.TerminalReporter): The terminal reporter object.
+        terminalreporter (pytest.terminal.TerminalReporter): The terminal reporter object used for terminal output.
         exitstatus (int): The exit status of the test run.
         config (pytest.config.Config): The pytest config object.
+
+    Returns:
+        (None)
     """
     from ultralytics.utils import WEIGHTS_DIR
 

tests/test_cli.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def run(cmd):
 
 
 def test_special_modes():
-    """Test various special command modes of YOLO."""
+    """Test various special command-line modes for YOLO functionality."""
     run("yolo help")
     run("yolo checks")
     run("yolo version")
@@ -30,30 +30,30 @@ def test_special_modes():
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("task,model,data", TASK_MODEL_DATA)
 def test_train(task, model, data):
-    """Test YOLO training for a given task, model, and data."""
+    """Test YOLO training for different tasks, models, and datasets."""
     run(f"yolo train {task} model={model} data={data} imgsz=32 epochs=1 cache=disk")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("task,model,data", TASK_MODEL_DATA)
 def test_val(task, model, data):
-    """Test YOLO validation for a given task, model, and data."""
+    """Test YOLO validation process for specified task, model, and data using a shell command."""
     run(f"yolo val {task} model={model} data={data} imgsz=32 save_txt save_json")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("task,model,data", TASK_MODEL_DATA)
 def test_predict(task, model, data):
-    """Test YOLO prediction on sample assets for a given task and model."""
+    """Test YOLO prediction on provided sample assets for specified task and model."""
     run(f"yolo predict model={model} source={ASSETS} imgsz=32 save save_crop save_txt")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("model", MODELS)
 def test_export(model):
-    """Test exporting a YOLO model to different formats."""
+    """Test exporting a YOLO model to TorchScript format."""
     run(f"yolo export model={model} format=torchscript imgsz=32")
 
 
 def test_rtdetr(task="detect", model="yolov8n-rtdetr.yaml", data="coco8.yaml"):
-    """Test the RTDETR functionality with the Ultralytics framework."""
+    """Test the RTDETR functionality within Ultralytics for detection tasks using specified model and data."""
     # Warning: must use imgsz=640 (note also add coma, spaces, fraction=0.25 args to test single-image training)
     run(f"yolo train {task} model={model} data={data} --imgsz= 160 epochs =1, cache = disk fraction=0.25")
     run(f"yolo predict {task} model={model} source={ASSETS / 'bus.jpg'} imgsz=160 save save_crop save_txt")
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def test_rtdetr(task="detect", model="yolov8n-rtdetr.yaml", data="coco8.yaml"):
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(checks.IS_PYTHON_3_12, reason="MobileSAM with CLIP is not supported in Python 3.12")
 def test_fastsam(task="segment", model=WEIGHTS_DIR / "FastSAM-s.pt", data="coco8-seg.yaml"):
-    """Test FastSAM segmentation functionality within Ultralytics."""
+    """Test FastSAM model for segmenting objects in images using various prompts within Ultralytics."""
     source = ASSETS / "bus.jpg"
 
     run(f"yolo segment val {task} model={model} data={data} imgsz=32")
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def test_fastsam(task="segment", model=WEIGHTS_DIR / "FastSAM-s.pt", data="coco8
 
 
 def test_mobilesam():
-    """Test MobileSAM segmentation functionality using Ultralytics."""
+    """Test MobileSAM segmentation with point prompts using Ultralytics."""
     from ultralytics import SAM
 
     # Load the model

tests/test_cuda.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def test_checks():
     ],
 )
 def test_export_engine_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch):
-    """Test YOLO exports to TensorRT format."""
+    """Test YOLO model export to TensorRT format for various configurations and run inference."""
     file = YOLO(TASK2MODEL[task]).export(
         format="engine",
         imgsz=32,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def test_export_engine_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch):
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not CUDA_IS_AVAILABLE, reason="CUDA is not available")
 def test_train():
-    """Test model training on a minimal dataset."""
+    """Test model training on a minimal dataset using available CUDA devices."""
     device = 0 if CUDA_DEVICE_COUNT == 1 else [0, 1]
     YOLO(MODEL).train(data="coco8.yaml", imgsz=64, epochs=1, device=device)  # requires imgsz>=64
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def test_train():
 @pytest.mark.slow
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not CUDA_IS_AVAILABLE, reason="CUDA is not available")
 def test_predict_multiple_devices():
-    """Validate model prediction on multiple devices."""
+    """Validate model prediction consistency across CPU and CUDA devices."""
     model = YOLO("yolov8n.pt")
     model = model.cpu()
     assert str(model.device) == "cpu"
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def test_predict_multiple_devices():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not CUDA_IS_AVAILABLE, reason="CUDA is not available")
 def test_autobatch():
-    """Check batch size for YOLO model using autobatch."""
+    """Check optimal batch size for YOLO model training using autobatch utility."""
     from ultralytics.utils.autobatch import check_train_batch_size
 
     check_train_batch_size(YOLO(MODEL).model.cuda(), imgsz=128, amp=True)
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def test_utils_benchmarks():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not CUDA_IS_AVAILABLE, reason="CUDA is not available")
 def test_predict_sam():
-    """Test SAM model prediction with various prompts."""
+    """Test SAM model predictions using different prompts, including bounding boxes and point annotations."""
     from ultralytics import SAM
     from ultralytics.models.sam import Predictor as SAMPredictor
 

tests/test_engine.py

@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ from ultralytics.utils import ASSETS, DEFAULT_CFG, WEIGHTS_DIR
 
 
 def test_func(*args):  # noqa
-    """Test function callback."""
+    """Test function callback for evaluating YOLO model performance metrics."""
     print("callback test passed")
 
 
 def test_export():
-    """Test model exporting functionality."""
+    """Tests the model exporting function by adding a callback and asserting its execution."""
     exporter = Exporter()
     exporter.add_callback("on_export_start", test_func)
     assert test_func in exporter.callbacks["on_export_start"], "callback test failed"
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def test_export():
 
 
 def test_detect():
-    """Test object detection functionality."""
+    """Test YOLO object detection training, validation, and prediction functionality."""
     overrides = {"data": "coco8.yaml", "model": "yolov8n.yaml", "imgsz": 32, "epochs": 1, "save": False}
     cfg = get_cfg(DEFAULT_CFG)
     cfg.data = "coco8.yaml"
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def test_detect():
 
 
 def test_segment():
-    """Test image segmentation functionality."""
+    """Tests image segmentation training, validation, and prediction pipelines using YOLO models."""
     overrides = {"data": "coco8-seg.yaml", "model": "yolov8n-seg.yaml", "imgsz": 32, "epochs": 1, "save": False}
     cfg = get_cfg(DEFAULT_CFG)
     cfg.data = "coco8-seg.yaml"
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def test_segment():
 
 
 def test_classify():
-    """Test image classification functionality."""
+    """Test image classification including training, validation, and prediction phases."""
     overrides = {"data": "imagenet10", "model": "yolov8n-cls.yaml", "imgsz": 32, "epochs": 1, "save": False}
     cfg = get_cfg(DEFAULT_CFG)
     cfg.data = "imagenet10"

tests/test_explorer.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from ultralytics.utils import ASSETS
 
 @pytest.mark.slow
 def test_similarity():
-    """Test similarity calculations and SQL queries for correctness and response length."""
+    """Test the correctness and response length of similarity calculations and SQL queries in the Explorer."""
     exp = Explorer(data="coco8.yaml")
     exp.create_embeddings_table()
     similar = exp.get_similar(idx=1)
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def test_similarity():
 
 @pytest.mark.slow
 def test_det():
-    """Test detection functionalities and ensure the embedding table has bounding boxes."""
+    """Test detection functionalities and verify embedding table includes bounding boxes."""
     exp = Explorer(data="coco8.yaml", model="yolov8n.pt")
     exp.create_embeddings_table(force=True)
     assert len(exp.table.head()["bboxes"]) > 0
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def test_det():
 
 @pytest.mark.slow
 def test_seg():
-    """Test segmentation functionalities and verify the embedding table includes masks."""
+    """Test segmentation functionalities and ensure the embedding table includes segmentation masks."""
     exp = Explorer(data="coco8-seg.yaml", model="yolov8n-seg.pt")
     exp.create_embeddings_table(force=True)
     assert len(exp.table.head()["masks"]) > 0
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def test_seg():
 
 @pytest.mark.slow
 def test_pose():
-    """Test pose estimation functionalities and check the embedding table for keypoints."""
+    """Test pose estimation functionality and verify the embedding table includes keypoints."""
     exp = Explorer(data="coco8-pose.yaml", model="yolov8n-pose.pt")
     exp.create_embeddings_table(force=True)
     assert len(exp.table.head()["keypoints"]) > 0

tests/test_exports.py

@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ from ultralytics.utils.torch_utils import TORCH_1_9, TORCH_1_13
 
 
 def test_export_torchscript():
-    """Test YOLO exports to TorchScript format."""
+    """Test YOLO model exporting to TorchScript format for compatibility and correctness."""
     file = YOLO(MODEL).export(format="torchscript", optimize=False, imgsz=32)
     YOLO(file)(SOURCE, imgsz=32)  # exported model inference
 
 
 def test_export_onnx():
-    """Test YOLO exports to ONNX format."""
+    """Test YOLO model export to ONNX format with dynamic axes."""
     file = YOLO(MODEL).export(format="onnx", dynamic=True, imgsz=32)
     YOLO(file)(SOURCE, imgsz=32)  # exported model inference
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def test_export_onnx():
 @pytest.mark.skipif(checks.IS_PYTHON_3_12, reason="OpenVINO not supported in Python 3.12")
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not TORCH_1_13, reason="OpenVINO requires torch>=1.13")
 def test_export_openvino():
-    """Test YOLO exports to OpenVINO format."""
+    """Test YOLO exports to OpenVINO format for model inference compatibility."""
     file = YOLO(MODEL).export(format="openvino", imgsz=32)
     YOLO(file)(SOURCE, imgsz=32)  # exported model inference
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def test_export_openvino():
     ],
 )
 def test_export_openvino_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch):
-    """Test YOLO exports to OpenVINO format."""
+    """Test YOLO model exports to OpenVINO under various configuration matrix conditions."""
     file = YOLO(TASK2MODEL[task]).export(
         format="openvino",
         imgsz=32,
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def test_export_openvino_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch):
     "task, dynamic, int8, half, batch, simplify", product(TASKS, [True, False], [False], [False], [1, 2], [True, False])
 )
 def test_export_onnx_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch, simplify):
-    """Test YOLO exports to ONNX format."""
+    """Test YOLO exports to ONNX format with various configurations and parameters."""
     file = YOLO(TASK2MODEL[task]).export(
         format="onnx",
         imgsz=32,
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def test_export_onnx_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch, simplify):
 @pytest.mark.slow
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("task, dynamic, int8, half, batch", product(TASKS, [False], [False], [False], [1, 2]))
 def test_export_torchscript_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch):
-    """Test YOLO exports to TorchScript format."""
+    """Tests YOLO model exports to TorchScript format under varied configurations."""
     file = YOLO(TASK2MODEL[task]).export(
         format="torchscript",
         imgsz=32,
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def test_export_torchscript_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch):
     ],
 )
 def test_export_coreml_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch):
-    """Test YOLO exports to CoreML format."""
+    """Test YOLO exports to CoreML format with various parameter configurations."""
     file = YOLO(TASK2MODEL[task]).export(
         format="coreml",
         imgsz=32,
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ def test_export_coreml_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch):
     ],
 )
 def test_export_tflite_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch):
-    """Test YOLO exports to TFLite format."""
+    """Test YOLO exports to TFLite format considering various export configurations."""
     file = YOLO(TASK2MODEL[task]).export(
         format="tflite",
         imgsz=32,
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def test_export_tflite_matrix(task, dynamic, int8, half, batch):
 @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_RASPBERRYPI, reason="CoreML not supported on Raspberry Pi")
 @pytest.mark.skipif(checks.IS_PYTHON_3_12, reason="CoreML not supported in Python 3.12")
 def test_export_coreml():
-    """Test YOLO exports to CoreML format."""
+    """Test YOLO exports to CoreML format, optimized for macOS only."""
     if MACOS:
         file = YOLO(MODEL).export(format="coreml", imgsz=32)
         YOLO(file)(SOURCE, imgsz=32)  # model prediction only supported on macOS for nms=False models
@@ -173,11 +173,7 @@ def test_export_coreml():
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not checks.IS_PYTHON_MINIMUM_3_10, reason="TFLite export requires Python>=3.10")
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="Test disabled as TF suffers from install conflicts on Windows and macOS")
 def test_export_tflite():
-    """
+    """Test YOLO exports to TFLite format under specific OS and Python version conditions."""
-    Test YOLO exports to TFLite format.
-
-    Note TF suffers from install conflicts on Windows and macOS.
-    """
     model = YOLO(MODEL)
     file = model.export(format="tflite", imgsz=32)
     YOLO(file)(SOURCE, imgsz=32)
@@ -186,11 +182,7 @@ def test_export_tflite():
 @pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason="Test disabled")
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not LINUX, reason="TF suffers from install conflicts on Windows and macOS")
 def test_export_pb():
-    """
+    """Test YOLO exports to TensorFlow's Protobuf (*.pb) format."""
-    Test YOLO exports to *.pb format.
-
-    Note TF suffers from install conflicts on Windows and macOS.
-    """
     model = YOLO(MODEL)
     file = model.export(format="pb", imgsz=32)
     YOLO(file)(SOURCE, imgsz=32)
@@ -198,11 +190,7 @@ def test_export_pb():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason="Test disabled as Paddle protobuf and ONNX protobuf requirementsk conflict.")
 def test_export_paddle():
-    """
+    """Test YOLO exports to Paddle format, noting protobuf conflicts with ONNX."""
-    Test YOLO exports to Paddle format.
-
-    Note Paddle protobuf requirements conflicting with onnx protobuf requirements.
-    """
     YOLO(MODEL).export(format="paddle", imgsz=32)
 
 

tests/test_integrations.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from ultralytics.utils.checks import check_requirements
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not check_requirements("ray", install=False), reason="ray[tune] not installed")
 def test_model_ray_tune():
-    """Tune YOLO model with Ray optimization library."""
+    """Tune YOLO model using Ray for hyperparameter optimization."""
     YOLO("yolov8n-cls.yaml").tune(
         use_ray=True, data="imagenet10", grace_period=1, iterations=1, imgsz=32, epochs=1, plots=False, device="cpu"
     )
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def test_model_ray_tune():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not check_requirements("mlflow", install=False), reason="mlflow not installed")
 def test_mlflow():
-    """Test training with MLflow tracking enabled."""
+    """Test training with MLflow tracking enabled (see https://mlflow.org/ for details)."""
     SETTINGS["mlflow"] = True
     YOLO("yolov8n-cls.yaml").train(data="imagenet10", imgsz=32, epochs=3, plots=False, device="cpu")
 
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ def test_mlflow():
 @pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason="Test failing in scheduled CI https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/pull/8868")
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not check_requirements("mlflow", install=False), reason="mlflow not installed")
 def test_mlflow_keep_run_active():
+    """Ensure MLflow run status matches MLFLOW_KEEP_RUN_ACTIVE environment variable settings."""
     import mlflow
 
-    """Test training with MLflow tracking enabled."""
     SETTINGS["mlflow"] = True
     run_name = "Test Run"
     os.environ["MLFLOW_RUN"] = run_name
@@ -62,7 +62,11 @@ def test_mlflow_keep_run_active():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not check_requirements("tritonclient", install=False), reason="tritonclient[all] not installed")
 def test_triton():
-    """Test NVIDIA Triton Server functionalities."""
+    """
+    Test NVIDIA Triton Server functionalities with YOLO model.
+
+    See https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com/orgs/nvidia/containers/tritonserver.
+    """
     check_requirements("tritonclient[all]")
     from tritonclient.http import InferenceServerClient  # noqa
 
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ def test_triton():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not check_requirements("pycocotools", install=False), reason="pycocotools not installed")
 def test_pycocotools():
-    """Validate model predictions using pycocotools."""
+    """Validate YOLO model predictions on COCO dataset using pycocotools."""
     from ultralytics.models.yolo.detect import DetectionValidator
     from ultralytics.models.yolo.pose import PoseValidator
     from ultralytics.models.yolo.segment import SegmentationValidator

tests/test_python.py

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def test_model_forward():
 
 
 def test_model_methods():
-    """Test various methods and properties of the YOLO model."""
+    """Test various methods and properties of the YOLO model to ensure correct functionality."""
     model = YOLO(MODEL)
 
     # Model methods
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def test_model_methods():
 
 
 def test_model_profile():
-    """Test profiling of the YOLO model with 'profile=True' argument."""
+    """Test profiling of the YOLO model with `profile=True` to assess performance and resource usage."""
     from ultralytics.nn.tasks import DetectionModel
 
     model = DetectionModel()  # build model
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def test_model_profile():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not IS_TMP_WRITEABLE, reason="directory is not writeable")
 def test_predict_txt():
-    """Test YOLO predictions with sources (file, dir, glob, recursive glob) specified in a text file."""
+    """Tests YOLO predictions with file, directory, and pattern sources listed in a text file."""
     txt_file = TMP / "sources.txt"
     with open(txt_file, "w") as f:
         for x in [ASSETS / "bus.jpg", ASSETS, ASSETS / "*", ASSETS / "**/*.jpg"]:
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def test_predict_txt():
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", MODELS)
 def test_predict_img(model_name):
-    """Test YOLO prediction on various types of image sources."""
+    """Test YOLO model predictions on various image input types and sources, including online images."""
     model = YOLO(WEIGHTS_DIR / model_name)
     im = cv2.imread(str(SOURCE))  # uint8 numpy array
     assert len(model(source=Image.open(SOURCE), save=True, verbose=True, imgsz=32)) == 1  # PIL
@@ -100,12 +100,12 @@ def test_predict_img(model_name):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("model", MODELS)
 def test_predict_visualize(model):
-    """Test model predict methods with 'visualize=True' arguments."""
+    """Test model prediction methods with 'visualize=True' to generate and display prediction visualizations."""
     YOLO(WEIGHTS_DIR / model)(SOURCE, imgsz=32, visualize=True)
 
 
 def test_predict_grey_and_4ch():
-    """Test YOLO prediction on SOURCE converted to greyscale and 4-channel images."""
+    """Test YOLO prediction on SOURCE converted to greyscale and 4-channel images with various filenames."""
     im = Image.open(SOURCE)
     directory = TMP / "im4"
     directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
@@ -132,11 +132,7 @@ def test_predict_grey_and_4ch():
 @pytest.mark.slow
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not ONLINE, reason="environment is offline")
 def test_youtube():
-    """
+    """Test YOLO model on a YouTube video stream, handling potential network-related errors."""
-    Test YouTube inference.
-
-    Note: ConnectionError may occur during this test due to network instability or YouTube server availability.
-    """
     model = YOLO(MODEL)
     try:
         model.predict("https://youtu.be/G17sBkb38XQ", imgsz=96, save=True)
@@ -149,9 +145,9 @@ def test_youtube():
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not IS_TMP_WRITEABLE, reason="directory is not writeable")
 def test_track_stream():
     """
-    Test streaming tracking (short 10 frame video) with non-default ByteTrack tracker.
+    Tests streaming tracking on a short 10 frame video using ByteTrack tracker and different GMC methods.
 
-    Note imgsz=160 required for tracking for higher confidence and better matches
+    Note imgsz=160 required for tracking for higher confidence and better matches.
     """
     video_url = "https://ultralytics.com/assets/decelera_portrait_min.mov"
     model = YOLO(MODEL)
@@ -175,21 +171,21 @@ def test_val():
 
 
 def test_train_scratch():
-    """Test training the YOLO model from scratch."""
+    """Test training the YOLO model from scratch using the provided configuration."""
     model = YOLO(CFG)
     model.train(data="coco8.yaml", epochs=2, imgsz=32, cache="disk", batch=-1, close_mosaic=1, name="model")
     model(SOURCE)
 
 
 def test_train_pretrained():
-    """Test training the YOLO model from a pre-trained state."""
+    """Test training of the YOLO model starting from a pre-trained checkpoint."""
     model = YOLO(WEIGHTS_DIR / "yolov8n-seg.pt")
     model.train(data="coco8-seg.yaml", epochs=1, imgsz=32, cache="ram", copy_paste=0.5, mixup=0.5, name=0)
     model(SOURCE)
 
 
 def test_all_model_yamls():
-    """Test YOLO model creation for all available YAML configurations."""
+    """Test YOLO model creation for all available YAML configurations in the `cfg/models` directory."""
     for m in (ROOT / "cfg" / "models").rglob("*.yaml"):
         if "rtdetr" in m.name:
             if TORCH_1_9:  # torch<=1.8 issue - TypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'batch_first'
@@ -208,7 +204,7 @@ def test_workflow():
 
 
 def test_predict_callback_and_setup():
-    """Test callback functionality during YOLO prediction."""
+    """Test callback functionality during YOLO prediction setup and execution."""
 
     def on_predict_batch_end(predictor):
         """Callback function that handles operations at the end of a prediction batch."""
@@ -232,7 +228,7 @@ def test_predict_callback_and_setup():
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("model", MODELS)
 def test_results(model):
-    """Test various result formats for the YOLO model."""
+    """Ensure YOLO model predictions can be processed and printed in various formats."""
     results = YOLO(WEIGHTS_DIR / model)([SOURCE, SOURCE], imgsz=160)
     for r in results:
         r = r.cpu().numpy()
@@ -247,7 +243,7 @@ def test_results(model):
 
 
 def test_labels_and_crops():
-    """Test output from prediction args for saving detection labels and crops."""
+    """Test output from prediction args for saving YOLO detection labels and crops; ensures accurate saving."""
     imgs = [SOURCE, ASSETS / "zidane.jpg"]
     results = YOLO(WEIGHTS_DIR / "yolov8n.pt")(imgs, imgsz=160, save_txt=True, save_crop=True)
     save_path = Path(results[0].save_dir)
@@ -270,7 +266,7 @@ def test_labels_and_crops():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not ONLINE, reason="environment is offline")
 def test_data_utils():
-    """Test utility functions in ultralytics/data/utils.py."""
+    """Test utility functions in ultralytics/data/utils.py, including dataset stats and auto-splitting."""
     from ultralytics.data.utils import HUBDatasetStats, autosplit
     from ultralytics.utils.downloads import zip_directory
 
@@ -290,7 +286,7 @@ def test_data_utils():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not ONLINE, reason="environment is offline")
 def test_data_converter():
-    """Test dataset converters."""
+    """Test dataset conversion functions from COCO to YOLO format and class mappings."""
     from ultralytics.data.converter import coco80_to_coco91_class, convert_coco
 
     file = "instances_val2017.json"
@@ -300,7 +296,7 @@ def test_data_converter():
 
 
 def test_data_annotator():
-    """Test automatic data annotation."""
+    """Automatically annotate data using specified detection and segmentation models."""
     from ultralytics.data.annotator import auto_annotate
 
     auto_annotate(
@@ -323,7 +319,7 @@ def test_events():
 
 
 def test_cfg_init():
-    """Test configuration initialization utilities."""
+    """Test configuration initialization utilities from the 'ultralytics.cfg' module."""
     from ultralytics.cfg import check_dict_alignment, copy_default_cfg, smart_value
 
     with contextlib.suppress(SyntaxError):
@@ -334,7 +330,7 @@ def test_cfg_init():
 
 
 def test_utils_init():
-    """Test initialization utilities."""
+    """Test initialization utilities in the Ultralytics library."""
     from ultralytics.utils import get_git_branch, get_git_origin_url, get_ubuntu_version, is_github_action_running
 
     get_ubuntu_version()
@@ -344,7 +340,7 @@ def test_utils_init():
 
 
 def test_utils_checks():
-    """Test various utility checks."""
+    """Test various utility checks for filenames, git status, requirements, image sizes, and versions."""
     checks.check_yolov5u_filename("yolov5n.pt")
     checks.git_describe(ROOT)
     checks.check_requirements()  # check requirements.txt
@@ -356,14 +352,14 @@ def test_utils_checks():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(WINDOWS, reason="Windows profiling is extremely slow (cause unknown)")
 def test_utils_benchmarks():
-    """Test model benchmarking."""
+    """Benchmark model performance using 'ProfileModels' from 'ultralytics.utils.benchmarks'."""
     from ultralytics.utils.benchmarks import ProfileModels
 
     ProfileModels(["yolov8n.yaml"], imgsz=32, min_time=1, num_timed_runs=3, num_warmup_runs=1).profile()
 
 
 def test_utils_torchutils():
-    """Test Torch utility functions."""
+    """Test Torch utility functions including profiling and FLOP calculations."""
     from ultralytics.nn.modules.conv import Conv
     from ultralytics.utils.torch_utils import get_flops_with_torch_profiler, profile, time_sync
 
@@ -378,14 +374,14 @@ def test_utils_torchutils():
 @pytest.mark.slow
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not ONLINE, reason="environment is offline")
 def test_utils_downloads():
-    """Test file download utilities."""
+    """Test file download utilities from ultralytics.utils.downloads."""
     from ultralytics.utils.downloads import get_google_drive_file_info
 
     get_google_drive_file_info("https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cqT-cJgANNrhIHCrEufUYhQ4RqiWG_lJ/view?usp=drive_link")
 
 
 def test_utils_ops():
-    """Test various operations utilities."""
+    """Test utility operations functions for coordinate transformation and normalization."""
     from ultralytics.utils.ops import (
         ltwh2xywh,
         ltwh2xyxy,
@@ -414,7 +410,7 @@ def test_utils_ops():
 
 
 def test_utils_files():
-    """Test file handling utilities."""
+    """Test file handling utilities including file age, date, and paths with spaces."""
     from ultralytics.utils.files import file_age, file_date, get_latest_run, spaces_in_path
 
     file_age(SOURCE)
@@ -429,7 +425,7 @@ def test_utils_files():
 
 @pytest.mark.slow
 def test_utils_patches_torch_save():
-    """Test torch_save backoff when _torch_save throws RuntimeError."""
+    """Test torch_save backoff when _torch_save raises RuntimeError to ensure robustness."""
     from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
     from ultralytics.utils.patches import torch_save
@@ -444,7 +440,7 @@ def test_utils_patches_torch_save():
 
 
 def test_nn_modules_conv():
-    """Test Convolutional Neural Network modules."""
+    """Test Convolutional Neural Network modules including CBAM, Conv2, and ConvTranspose."""
     from ultralytics.nn.modules.conv import CBAM, Conv2, ConvTranspose, DWConvTranspose2d, Focus
 
     c1, c2 = 8, 16  # input and output channels
@@ -463,7 +459,7 @@ def test_nn_modules_conv():
 
 
 def test_nn_modules_block():
-    """Test Neural Network block modules."""
+    """Test various blocks in neural network modules including C1, C3TR, BottleneckCSP, C3Ghost, and C3x."""
     from ultralytics.nn.modules.block import C1, C3TR, BottleneckCSP, C3Ghost, C3x
 
     c1, c2 = 8, 16  # input and output channels
@@ -479,7 +475,7 @@ def test_nn_modules_block():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not ONLINE, reason="environment is offline")
 def test_hub():
-    """Test Ultralytics HUB functionalities."""
+    """Test Ultralytics HUB functionalities (e.g. export formats, logout)."""
     from ultralytics.hub import export_fmts_hub, logout
     from ultralytics.hub.utils import smart_request
 
@@ -490,7 +486,7 @@ def test_hub():
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def image():
-    """Loads an image from a predefined source using OpenCV."""
+    """Load and return an image from a predefined source using OpenCV."""
     return cv2.imread(str(SOURCE))
 
 
@@ -504,7 +500,7 @@ def image():
     ],
 )
 def test_classify_transforms_train(image, auto_augment, erasing, force_color_jitter):
-    """Tests classification transforms during training with various augmentation settings."""
+    """Tests classification transforms during training with various augmentations to ensure proper functionality."""
     from ultralytics.data.augment import classify_augmentations
 
     transform = classify_augmentations(
@@ -533,7 +529,7 @@ def test_classify_transforms_train(image, auto_augment, erasing, force_color_jit
 @pytest.mark.slow
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not ONLINE, reason="environment is offline")
 def test_model_tune():
-    """Tune YOLO model for performance."""
+    """Tune YOLO model for performance improvement."""
     YOLO("yolov8n-pose.pt").tune(data="coco8-pose.yaml", plots=False, imgsz=32, epochs=1, iterations=2, device="cpu")
     YOLO("yolov8n-cls.pt").tune(data="imagenet10", plots=False, imgsz=32, epochs=1, iterations=2, device="cpu")
 
@@ -550,7 +546,7 @@ def test_model_embeddings():
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(checks.IS_PYTHON_3_12, reason="YOLOWorld with CLIP is not supported in Python 3.12")
 def test_yolo_world():
-    """Tests YOLO world models with different configurations, including classes, detection, and training scenarios."""
+    """Tests YOLO world models with CLIP support, including detection and training scenarios."""
     model = YOLO("yolov8s-world.pt")  # no YOLOv8n-world model yet
     model.set_classes(["tree", "window"])
     model(SOURCE, conf=0.01)
@@ -581,7 +577,7 @@ def test_yolo_world():
 
 
 def test_yolov10():
-    """A simple test for yolov10 for now."""
+    """Test YOLOv10 model training, validation, and prediction steps with minimal configurations."""
     model = YOLO("yolov10n.yaml")
     # train/val/predict
     model.train(data="coco8.yaml", epochs=1, imgsz=32, close_mosaic=1, cache="disk")

ultralytics/data/explorer/explorer.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from .utils import get_sim_index_schema, get_table_schema, plot_query_result, pr
 
 class ExplorerDataset(YOLODataset):
     def __init__(self, *args, data: dict = None, **kwargs) -> None:
+        """Initializes the ExplorerDataset with the provided data arguments, extending the YOLODataset class."""
         super().__init__(*args, data=data, **kwargs)
 
     def load_image(self, i: int) -> Union[Tuple[np.ndarray, Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int, int]], Tuple[None, None, None]]:
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ class Explorer:
         model: str = "yolov8n.pt",
         uri: str = USER_CONFIG_DIR / "explorer",
     ) -> None:
+        """Initializes the Explorer class with dataset path, model, and URI for database connection."""
         # Note duckdb==0.10.0 bug https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics/pull/8181
         checks.check_requirements(["lancedb>=0.4.3", "duckdb<=0.9.2"])
         import lancedb
@@ -416,6 +418,7 @@ class Explorer:
     def _check_imgs_or_idxs(
         self, img: Union[str, np.ndarray, List[str], List[np.ndarray], None], idx: Union[None, int, List[int]]
     ) -> List[np.ndarray]:
+        """Determines whether to fetch images or indexes based on provided arguments and returns image paths."""
         if img is None and idx is None:
             raise ValueError("Either img or idx must be provided.")
         if img is not None and idx is not None:

ultralytics/hub/session.py

@@ -230,6 +230,8 @@ class HUBTrainingSession:
         *args,
         **kwargs,
     ):
+        """Attempts to execute `request_func` with retries, timeout handling, optional threading, and progress."""
+
         def retry_request():
             """Attempts to call `request_func` with retries, timeout, and optional threading."""
             t0 = time.time()  # Record the start time for the timeout

ultralytics/nn/modules/block.py

@@ -712,6 +712,7 @@ class RepVGGDW(torch.nn.Module):
     """RepVGGDW is a class that represents a depth wise separable convolutional block in RepVGG architecture."""
 
     def __init__(self, ed) -> None:
+        """Initializes RepVGGDW with depthwise separable convolutional layers for efficient processing."""
         super().__init__()
         self.conv = Conv(ed, ed, 7, 1, 3, g=ed, act=False)
         self.conv1 = Conv(ed, ed, 3, 1, 1, g=ed, act=False)

ultralytics/solutions/ai_gym.py

@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ class AIGym:
 
         # Check if environment supports imshow
         self.env_check = check_imshow(warn=True)
-        self.count = list()
+        self.count = []
-        self.angle = list()
+        self.angle = []
-        self.stage = list()
+        self.stage = []
 
     def start_counting(self, im0, results):
         """

ultralytics/utils/__init__.py

@@ -305,7 +305,6 @@ class ThreadingLocked:
         @ThreadingLocked()
         def my_function():
             # Your code here
-            pass
         ```
     """
 

ultralytics/utils/metrics.py

@@ -1224,6 +1224,7 @@ class ClassifyMetrics(SimpleClass):
 
 class OBBMetrics(SimpleClass):
     def __init__(self, save_dir=Path("."), plot=False, on_plot=None, names=()) -> None:
+        """Initialize an OBBMetrics instance with directory, plotting, callback, and class names."""
         self.save_dir = save_dir
         self.plot = plot
         self.on_plot = on_plot