When attempting to write a byte beyond the end of a byte[], don't update the position until after we've finished the bounds checks.

Previously, we'd update position, so size left would return -1.

This is a partial roll-forward of cl/673588324.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 677587399

java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java

@@ -1306,12 +1306,14 @@ public abstract class CodedOutputStream extends ByteOutput {
 
     @Override
     public final void write(byte value) throws IOException {
+      int position = this.position;
       try {
         buffer[position++] = value;
       } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
         throw new OutOfSpaceException(
             String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1), e);
       }
+      this.position = position; // Only update position if we stayed within the array bounds.
     }
 
     @Override

java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamTest.java

@@ -554,11 +554,7 @@ public class CodedOutputStreamTest {
       return;
     }
     assertThrows(OutOfSpaceException.class, () -> coder.stream().write((byte) 1));
-    // For some OutputTypes, this test doesn't pass yet.
-    if (outputType.supportsSpaceLeft()
-        && outputType != OutputType.ARRAY
-        && outputType != OutputType.NIO_HEAP
-        && outputType != OutputType.NIO_HEAP_WITH_INITIAL_OFFSET) {
+    if (outputType.supportsSpaceLeft()) {
       assertThat(coder.stream().spaceLeft()).isEqualTo(0);
     }
   }