#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

#include <opencv2/core/utility.hpp>
#include "opencv2/video.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

inline bool isFlowCorrect(Point2f u)
{
    return !cvIsNaN(u.x) && !cvIsNaN(u.y) && fabs(u.x) < 1e9 && fabs(u.y) < 1e9;
}

static Vec3b computeColor(float fx, float fy)
{
    static bool first = true;

    // relative lengths of color transitions:
    // these are chosen based on perceptual similarity
    // (e.g. one can distinguish more shades between red and yellow
    //  than between yellow and green)
    const int RY = 15;
    const int YG = 6;
    const int GC = 4;
    const int CB = 11;
    const int BM = 13;
    const int MR = 6;
    const int NCOLS = RY + YG + GC + CB + BM + MR;
    static Vec3i colorWheel[NCOLS];

    if (first)
    {
        int k = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < RY; ++i, ++k)
            colorWheel[k] = Vec3i(255, 255 * i / RY, 0);

        for (int i = 0; i < YG; ++i, ++k)
            colorWheel[k] = Vec3i(255 - 255 * i / YG, 255, 0);

        for (int i = 0; i < GC; ++i, ++k)
            colorWheel[k] = Vec3i(0, 255, 255 * i / GC);

        for (int i = 0; i < CB; ++i, ++k)
            colorWheel[k] = Vec3i(0, 255 - 255 * i / CB, 255);

        for (int i = 0; i < BM; ++i, ++k)
            colorWheel[k] = Vec3i(255 * i / BM, 0, 255);

        for (int i = 0; i < MR; ++i, ++k)
            colorWheel[k] = Vec3i(255, 0, 255 - 255 * i / MR);

        first = false;
    }

    const float rad = sqrt(fx * fx + fy * fy);
    const float a = atan2(-fy, -fx) / (float)CV_PI;

    const float fk = (a + 1.0f) / 2.0f * (NCOLS - 1);
    const int k0 = static_cast<int>(fk);
    const int k1 = (k0 + 1) % NCOLS;
    const float f = fk - k0;

    Vec3b pix;

    for (int b = 0; b < 3; b++)
    {
        const float col0 = colorWheel[k0][b] / 255.f;
        const float col1 = colorWheel[k1][b] / 255.f;

        float col = (1 - f) * col0 + f * col1;

        if (rad <= 1)
            col = 1 - rad * (1 - col); // increase saturation with radius
        else
            col *= .75; // out of range

        pix[2 - b] = static_cast<uchar>(255.f * col);
    }

    return pix;
}

static void drawOpticalFlow(const Mat_<Point2f>& flow, Mat& dst, float maxmotion = -1)
{
    dst.create(flow.size(), CV_8UC3);
    dst.setTo(Scalar::all(0));

    // determine motion range:
    float maxrad = maxmotion;

    if (maxmotion <= 0)
    {
        maxrad = 1;
        for (int y = 0; y < flow.rows; ++y)
        {
            for (int x = 0; x < flow.cols; ++x)
            {
                Point2f u = flow(y, x);

                if (!isFlowCorrect(u))
                    continue;

                maxrad = max(maxrad, sqrt(u.x * u.x + u.y * u.y));
            }
        }
    }

    for (int y = 0; y < flow.rows; ++y)
    {
        for (int x = 0; x < flow.cols; ++x)
        {
            Point2f u = flow(y, x);

            if (isFlowCorrect(u))
                dst.at<Vec3b>(y, x) = computeColor(u.x / maxrad, u.y / maxrad);
        }
    }
}

// binary file format for flow data specified here:
// http://vision.middlebury.edu/flow/data/
static void writeOpticalFlowToFile(const Mat_<Point2f>& flow, const string& fileName)
{
    static const char FLO_TAG_STRING[] = "PIEH";

    ofstream file(fileName.c_str(), ios_base::binary);

    file << FLO_TAG_STRING;

    file.write((const char*) &flow.cols, sizeof(int));
    file.write((const char*) &flow.rows, sizeof(int));

    for (int i = 0; i < flow.rows; ++i)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < flow.cols; ++j)
        {
            const Point2f u = flow(i, j);

            file.write((const char*) &u.x, sizeof(float));
            file.write((const char*) &u.y, sizeof(float));
        }
    }
}

int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
    if (argc < 3)
    {
        cerr << "Usage : " << argv[0] << "<frame0> <frame1> [<output_flow>]" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    Mat frame0 = imread(argv[1], IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
    Mat frame1 = imread(argv[2], IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);

    if (frame0.empty())
    {
        cerr << "Can't open image ["  << argv[1] << "]" << endl;
        return -1;
    }
    if (frame1.empty())
    {
        cerr << "Can't open image ["  << argv[2] << "]" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    if (frame1.size() != frame0.size())
    {
        cerr << "Images should be of equal sizes" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    Mat_<Point2f> flow;
    Ptr<DenseOpticalFlow> tvl1 = createOptFlow_DualTVL1();

    const double start = (double)getTickCount();
    tvl1->calc(frame0, frame1, flow);
    const double timeSec = (getTickCount() - start) / getTickFrequency();
    cout << "calcOpticalFlowDual_TVL1 : " << timeSec << " sec" << endl;

    Mat out;
    drawOpticalFlow(flow, out);

    if (argc == 4)
        writeOpticalFlowToFile(flow, argv[3]);

    imshow("Flow", out);
    waitKey();

    return 0;
}