Merge pull request #21275

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from stal12:CCL_improvements

Improve CCL with new algorithms and tests * Improve CCL with new algorithms and tests * Split CCL test into dedicated tests cases
3 years ago · 91817bffe1
parent 49bef1cdbf
commit 91817bffe1
4 changed files with 1852 additions and 68 deletions
--- a/doc/opencv.bib
+++ b/doc/opencv.bib
@ -1278,3 +1278,11 @@
  pages={281--305},
  year={1987}
 }
+@article{Bolelli2021,
+  title={One DAG to Rule Them All},
+  author={Bolelli, Federico and Allegretti, Stefano and Grana, Costantino},
+  journal={IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
+  year={2021},
+  publisher={IEEE},
+  doi = {10.1109/TPAMI.2021.3055337}
+}
--- a/modules/imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp
+++ b/modules/imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp
@ -406,10 +406,10 @@ enum ConnectedComponentsTypes {

 //! connected components algorithm
 enum ConnectedComponentsAlgorithmsTypes {
-    CCL_DEFAULT   = -1, //!< BBDT @cite Grana2010 algorithm for 8-way connectivity, SAUF algorithm for 4-way connectivity. The parallel implementation described in @cite Bolelli2017 is available for both BBDT and SAUF.
+    CCL_DEFAULT   = -1, //!< Spaghetti @cite Bolelli2019 algorithm for 8-way connectivity, Spaghetti4C @cite Bolelli2021 algorithm for 4-way connectivity.
    CCL_WU        = 0,  //!< SAUF @cite Wu2009 algorithm for 8-way connectivity, SAUF algorithm for 4-way connectivity. The parallel implementation described in @cite Bolelli2017 is available for SAUF.
    CCL_GRANA     = 1,  //!< BBDT @cite Grana2010 algorithm for 8-way connectivity, SAUF algorithm for 4-way connectivity. The parallel implementation described in @cite Bolelli2017 is available for both BBDT and SAUF.
-    CCL_BOLELLI   = 2,  //!< Spaghetti @cite Bolelli2019 algorithm for 8-way connectivity, SAUF algorithm for 4-way connectivity.
+    CCL_BOLELLI   = 2,  //!< Spaghetti @cite Bolelli2019 algorithm for 8-way connectivity, Spaghetti4C @cite Bolelli2021 algorithm for 4-way connectivity. The parallel implementation described in @cite Bolelli2017 is available for both Spaghetti and Spaghetti4C.
    CCL_SAUF      = 3,  //!< Same as CCL_WU. It is preferable to use the flag with the name of the algorithm (CCL_SAUF) rather than the one with the name of the first author (CCL_WU).
    CCL_BBDT      = 4,  //!< Same as CCL_GRANA. It is preferable to use the flag with the name of the algorithm (CCL_BBDT) rather than the one with the name of the first author (CCL_GRANA).
    CCL_SPAGHETTI = 5,  //!< Same as CCL_BOLELLI. It is preferable to use the flag with the name of the algorithm (CCL_SPAGHETTI) rather than the one with the name of the first author (CCL_BOLELLI).
@ -3912,9 +3912,10 @@ image with 4 or 8 way connectivity - returns N, the total number of labels [0, N
 represents the background label. ltype specifies the output label image type, an important
 consideration based on the total number of labels or alternatively the total number of pixels in
 the source image. ccltype specifies the connected components labeling algorithm to use, currently
-Grana (BBDT) and Wu's (SAUF) @cite Wu2009 algorithms are supported, see the #ConnectedComponentsAlgorithmsTypes
-for details. Note that SAUF algorithm forces a row major ordering of labels while BBDT does not.
-This function uses parallel version of both Grana and Wu's algorithms if at least one allowed
+Bolelli (Spaghetti) @cite Bolelli2019, Grana (BBDT) @cite Grana2010 and Wu's (SAUF) @cite Wu2009 algorithms
+are supported, see the #ConnectedComponentsAlgorithmsTypes for details. Note that SAUF algorithm forces
+a row major ordering of labels while Spaghetti and BBDT do not.
+This function uses parallel version of the algorithms if at least one allowed
 parallel framework is enabled and if the rows of the image are at least twice the number returned by #getNumberOfCPUs.

@param image the 8-bit single-channel image to be labeled
@ -3944,9 +3945,10 @@ image with 4 or 8 way connectivity - returns N, the total number of labels [0, N
 represents the background label. ltype specifies the output label image type, an important
 consideration based on the total number of labels or alternatively the total number of pixels in
 the source image. ccltype specifies the connected components labeling algorithm to use, currently
-Grana's (BBDT) and Wu's (SAUF) @cite Wu2009 algorithms are supported, see the #ConnectedComponentsAlgorithmsTypes
-for details. Note that SAUF algorithm forces a row major ordering of labels while BBDT does not.
-This function uses parallel version of both Grana and Wu's algorithms (statistics included) if at least one allowed
+Bolelli (Spaghetti) @cite Bolelli2019, Grana (BBDT) @cite Grana2010 and Wu's (SAUF) @cite Wu2009 algorithms
+are supported, see the #ConnectedComponentsAlgorithmsTypes for details. Note that SAUF algorithm forces
+a row major ordering of labels while Spaghetti and BBDT do not.
+This function uses parallel version of the algorithms (statistics included) if at least one allowed
 parallel framework is enabled and if the rows of the image are at least twice the number returned by #getNumberOfCPUs.

@param image the 8-bit single-channel image to be labeled
--- a/modules/imgproc/src/connectedcomponents.cpp
+++ b/modules/imgproc/src/connectedcomponents.cpp
--- a/modules/imgproc/test/test_connectedcomponents.cpp
+++ b/modules/imgproc/test/test_connectedcomponents.cpp
@ -42,7 +42,8 @@

 #include "test_precomp.hpp"

-namespace opencv_test { namespace {
+namespace opencv_test {
+namespace {

 class CV_ConnectedComponentsTest : public cvtest::BaseTest
 {
@ -61,10 +62,10 @@ void normalizeLabels(Mat1i& imgLabels, int iNumLabels) {
    vector<int> vecNewLabels(iNumLabels + 1, 0);
    int iMaxNewLabel = 0;

-    for (int r = 0; r<imgLabels.rows; ++r) {
-        for (int c = 0; c<imgLabels.cols; ++c) {
+    for (int r = 0; r < imgLabels.rows; ++r) {
+        for (int c = 0; c < imgLabels.cols; ++c) {
            int iCurLabel = imgLabels(r, c);
-            if (iCurLabel>0) {
+            if (iCurLabel > 0) {
                if (vecNewLabels[iCurLabel] == 0) {
                    vecNewLabels[iCurLabel] = ++iMaxNewLabel;
                }
@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ void normalizeLabels(Mat1i& imgLabels, int iNumLabels) {
    }
 }

-void CV_ConnectedComponentsTest::run( int /* start_from */)
+void CV_ConnectedComponentsTest::run(int /* start_from */)
 {

    int ccltype[] = { cv::CCL_DEFAULT, cv::CCL_WU, cv::CCL_GRANA, cv::CCL_BOLELLI, cv::CCL_SAUF, cv::CCL_BBDT, cv::CCL_SPAGHETTI };
@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ void CV_ConnectedComponentsTest::run( int /* start_from */)

    Mat bw = orig > 128;

-    for (uint cclt = 0; cclt < sizeof(ccltype)/sizeof(int); ++cclt)
+    for (uint cclt = 0; cclt < sizeof(ccltype) / sizeof(int); ++cclt)
    {

        Mat1i labelImage;
@ -100,11 +101,11 @@ void CV_ConnectedComponentsTest::run( int /* start_from */)
        normalizeLabels(labelImage, nLabels);

        // Validate test results
-        for (int r = 0; r < labelImage.rows; ++r){
-            for (int c = 0; c < labelImage.cols; ++c){
+        for (int r = 0; r < labelImage.rows; ++r) {
+            for (int c = 0; c < labelImage.cols; ++c) {
                int l = labelImage.at<int>(r, c);
                bool pass = l >= 0 && l <= nLabels;
-                if (!pass){
+                if (!pass) {
                    ts->set_failed_test_info(cvtest::TS::FAIL_INVALID_OUTPUT);
                    return;
                }
@ -166,12 +167,12 @@ static cv::Mat createCrashMat(int numThreads) {
    for (int s = stripeRange.start; s < stripeRange.end; s++) {
        cv::Range sr(s, s + 1);
        cv::Range r;
-        r.start = (int) (wholeRange.start +
-                         ((uint64) sr.start * (wholeRange.end - wholeRange.start) + nstripes / 2) / nstripes);
+        r.start = (int)(wholeRange.start +
+            ((uint64)sr.start * (wholeRange.end - wholeRange.start) + nstripes / 2) / nstripes);
        r.end = sr.end >= nstripes ?
-                    wholeRange.end :
-                    (int) (wholeRange.start +
-                           ((uint64) sr.end * (wholeRange.end - wholeRange.start) + nstripes / 2) / nstripes);
+            wholeRange.end :
+            (int)(wholeRange.start +
+                ((uint64)sr.end * (wholeRange.end - wholeRange.start) + nstripes / 2) / nstripes);

        if (r.start > 0 && r.start % 2 == 1 && r.end % 2 == 0 && r.end >= r.start + 2) {
            bugRange = r;
@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ static cv::Mat createCrashMat(int numThreads) {
 TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, parallel_wu_labels)
 {
    cv::Mat mat = createCrashMat(cv::getNumThreads());
-    if(mat.empty()) {
+    if (mat.empty()) {
        return;
    }

@ -213,10 +214,10 @@ TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, parallel_wu_labels)
    cv::Mat stats;
    cv::Mat centroids;
    int nb = 0;
-    EXPECT_NO_THROW( nb = cv::connectedComponentsWithStats(mat, labels, stats, centroids, 8, CV_32S, cv::CCL_WU) );
+    EXPECT_NO_THROW(nb = cv::connectedComponentsWithStats(mat, labels, stats, centroids, 8, CV_32S, cv::CCL_WU));

    int area = 0;
-    for(int i=1; i<nb; ++i) {
+    for (int i = 1; i < nb; ++i) {
        area += stats.at<int32_t>(i, cv::CC_STAT_AREA);
    }

@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, missing_background_pixels)
    cv::Mat labels;
    cv::Mat stats;
    cv::Mat centroids;
-    EXPECT_NO_THROW(cv::connectedComponentsWithStats(m, labels, stats, centroids, 8, CV_32S, cv::CCL_WU) );
+    EXPECT_NO_THROW(cv::connectedComponentsWithStats(m, labels, stats, centroids, 8, CV_32S, cv::CCL_WU));
    EXPECT_EQ(stats.at<int32_t>(0, cv::CC_STAT_WIDTH), 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(stats.at<int32_t>(0, cv::CC_STAT_HEIGHT), 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(stats.at<int32_t>(0, cv::CC_STAT_LEFT), -1);
@ -241,21 +242,21 @@ TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, spaghetti_bbdt_sauf_stats)
 {
    cv::Mat1b img(16, 16);
    img << 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-           0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-           0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
-           0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
-           0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-           0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
-           0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
-           0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
-           0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-           0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
-           0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
-           0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
-           0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1,
-           0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1,
-           0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
-           1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1;
+        0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+        0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+        0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+        0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
+        0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
+        0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
+        1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1;

    cv::Mat1i labels;
    cv::Mat1i stats;
@ -357,4 +358,436 @@ TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, spaghetti_bbdt_sauf_stats)
    }
 }

-}} // namespace
+TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, chessboard_even)
+{
+    cv::Size size(16, 16);
+    cv::Mat1b input(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_8c(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_4c(size);
+
+    // Chessboard image with even number of rows and cols
+    // Note that this is the maximum number of labels for 4-way connectivity
+    {
+        input <<
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1;
+
+        output_8c <<
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1;
+
+        output_4c <<
+            1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8, 0,
+            0, 9, 0, 10, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 13, 0, 14, 0, 15, 0, 16,
+            17, 0, 18, 0, 19, 0, 20, 0, 21, 0, 22, 0, 23, 0, 24, 0,
+            0, 25, 0, 26, 0, 27, 0, 28, 0, 29, 0, 30, 0, 31, 0, 32,
+            33, 0, 34, 0, 35, 0, 36, 0, 37, 0, 38, 0, 39, 0, 40, 0,
+            0, 41, 0, 42, 0, 43, 0, 44, 0, 45, 0, 46, 0, 47, 0, 48,
+            49, 0, 50, 0, 51, 0, 52, 0, 53, 0, 54, 0, 55, 0, 56, 0,
+            0, 57, 0, 58, 0, 59, 0, 60, 0, 61, 0, 62, 0, 63, 0, 64,
+            65, 0, 66, 0, 67, 0, 68, 0, 69, 0, 70, 0, 71, 0, 72, 0,
+            0, 73, 0, 74, 0, 75, 0, 76, 0, 77, 0, 78, 0, 79, 0, 80,
+            81, 0, 82, 0, 83, 0, 84, 0, 85, 0, 86, 0, 87, 0, 88, 0,
+            0, 89, 0, 90, 0, 91, 0, 92, 0, 93, 0, 94, 0, 95, 0, 96,
+            97, 0, 98, 0, 99, 0, 100, 0, 101, 0, 102, 0, 103, 0, 104, 0,
+            0, 105, 0, 106, 0, 107, 0, 108, 0, 109, 0, 110, 0, 111, 0, 112,
+            113, 0, 114, 0, 115, 0, 116, 0, 117, 0, 118, 0, 119, 0, 120, 0,
+            0, 121, 0, 122, 0, 123, 0, 124, 0, 125, 0, 126, 0, 127, 0, 128;
+    }
+
+    int ccltype[] = { cv::CCL_DEFAULT, cv::CCL_WU, cv::CCL_GRANA, cv::CCL_BOLELLI, cv::CCL_SAUF, cv::CCL_BBDT, cv::CCL_SPAGHETTI };
+
+    cv::Mat1i labels;
+    cv::Mat diff;
+    int nLabels = 0;
+    for (size_t cclt = 0; cclt < sizeof(ccltype) / sizeof(int); ++cclt) {
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 8, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_8c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 4, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_4c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+    }
+
+}
+
+TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, chessboard_odd)
+{
+    cv::Size size(15, 15);
+    cv::Mat1b input(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_8c(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_4c(size);
+
+    // Chessboard image with odd number of rows and cols
+    // Note that this is the maximum number of labels for 4-way connectivity
+    {
+        input <<
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1;
+
+        output_8c <<
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1;
+
+        output_4c <<
+            1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8,
+            0, 9, 0, 10, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 13, 0, 14, 0, 15, 0,
+            16, 0, 17, 0, 18, 0, 19, 0, 20, 0, 21, 0, 22, 0, 23,
+            0, 24, 0, 25, 0, 26, 0, 27, 0, 28, 0, 29, 0, 30, 0,
+            31, 0, 32, 0, 33, 0, 34, 0, 35, 0, 36, 0, 37, 0, 38,
+            0, 39, 0, 40, 0, 41, 0, 42, 0, 43, 0, 44, 0, 45, 0,
+            46, 0, 47, 0, 48, 0, 49, 0, 50, 0, 51, 0, 52, 0, 53,
+            0, 54, 0, 55, 0, 56, 0, 57, 0, 58, 0, 59, 0, 60, 0,
+            61, 0, 62, 0, 63, 0, 64, 0, 65, 0, 66, 0, 67, 0, 68,
+            0, 69, 0, 70, 0, 71, 0, 72, 0, 73, 0, 74, 0, 75, 0,
+            76, 0, 77, 0, 78, 0, 79, 0, 80, 0, 81, 0, 82, 0, 83,
+            0, 84, 0, 85, 0, 86, 0, 87, 0, 88, 0, 89, 0, 90, 0,
+            91, 0, 92, 0, 93, 0, 94, 0, 95, 0, 96, 0, 97, 0, 98,
+            0, 99, 0, 100, 0, 101, 0, 102, 0, 103, 0, 104, 0, 105, 0,
+            106, 0, 107, 0, 108, 0, 109, 0, 110, 0, 111, 0, 112, 0, 113;
+    }
+
+    int ccltype[] = { cv::CCL_DEFAULT, cv::CCL_WU, cv::CCL_GRANA, cv::CCL_BOLELLI, cv::CCL_SAUF, cv::CCL_BBDT, cv::CCL_SPAGHETTI };
+
+    cv::Mat1i labels;
+    cv::Mat diff;
+    int nLabels = 0;
+    for (size_t cclt = 0; cclt < sizeof(ccltype) / sizeof(int); ++cclt) {
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 8, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_8c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 4, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_4c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+    }
+
+}
+
+TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, maxlabels_8conn_even)
+{
+    cv::Size size(16, 16);
+    cv::Mat1b input(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_8c(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_4c(size);
+
+    {
+        input <<
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;
+
+        output_8c <<
+            1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            9, 0, 10, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 13, 0, 14, 0, 15, 0, 16, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            17, 0, 18, 0, 19, 0, 20, 0, 21, 0, 22, 0, 23, 0, 24, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            25, 0, 26, 0, 27, 0, 28, 0, 29, 0, 30, 0, 31, 0, 32, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            33, 0, 34, 0, 35, 0, 36, 0, 37, 0, 38, 0, 39, 0, 40, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            41, 0, 42, 0, 43, 0, 44, 0, 45, 0, 46, 0, 47, 0, 48, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            49, 0, 50, 0, 51, 0, 52, 0, 53, 0, 54, 0, 55, 0, 56, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            57, 0, 58, 0, 59, 0, 60, 0, 61, 0, 62, 0, 63, 0, 64, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;
+
+        output_4c <<
+            1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            9, 0, 10, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 13, 0, 14, 0, 15, 0, 16, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            17, 0, 18, 0, 19, 0, 20, 0, 21, 0, 22, 0, 23, 0, 24, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            25, 0, 26, 0, 27, 0, 28, 0, 29, 0, 30, 0, 31, 0, 32, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            33, 0, 34, 0, 35, 0, 36, 0, 37, 0, 38, 0, 39, 0, 40, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            41, 0, 42, 0, 43, 0, 44, 0, 45, 0, 46, 0, 47, 0, 48, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            49, 0, 50, 0, 51, 0, 52, 0, 53, 0, 54, 0, 55, 0, 56, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            57, 0, 58, 0, 59, 0, 60, 0, 61, 0, 62, 0, 63, 0, 64, 0,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;
+    }
+
+    int ccltype[] = { cv::CCL_DEFAULT, cv::CCL_WU, cv::CCL_GRANA, cv::CCL_BOLELLI, cv::CCL_SAUF, cv::CCL_BBDT, cv::CCL_SPAGHETTI };
+
+    cv::Mat1i labels;
+    cv::Mat diff;
+    int nLabels = 0;
+    for (size_t cclt = 0; cclt < sizeof(ccltype) / sizeof(int); ++cclt) {
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 8, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_8c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 4, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_4c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+    }
+
+}
+
+TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, maxlabels_8conn_odd)
+{
+    cv::Size size(15, 15);
+    cv::Mat1b input(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_8c(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_4c(size);
+
+    {
+        input <<
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1;
+
+        output_8c <<
+            1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            9, 0, 10, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 13, 0, 14, 0, 15, 0, 16,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            17, 0, 18, 0, 19, 0, 20, 0, 21, 0, 22, 0, 23, 0, 24,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            25, 0, 26, 0, 27, 0, 28, 0, 29, 0, 30, 0, 31, 0, 32,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            33, 0, 34, 0, 35, 0, 36, 0, 37, 0, 38, 0, 39, 0, 40,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            41, 0, 42, 0, 43, 0, 44, 0, 45, 0, 46, 0, 47, 0, 48,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            49, 0, 50, 0, 51, 0, 52, 0, 53, 0, 54, 0, 55, 0, 56,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            57, 0, 58, 0, 59, 0, 60, 0, 61, 0, 62, 0, 63, 0, 64;
+
+        output_4c <<
+            1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            9, 0, 10, 0, 11, 0, 12, 0, 13, 0, 14, 0, 15, 0, 16,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            17, 0, 18, 0, 19, 0, 20, 0, 21, 0, 22, 0, 23, 0, 24,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            25, 0, 26, 0, 27, 0, 28, 0, 29, 0, 30, 0, 31, 0, 32,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            33, 0, 34, 0, 35, 0, 36, 0, 37, 0, 38, 0, 39, 0, 40,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            41, 0, 42, 0, 43, 0, 44, 0, 45, 0, 46, 0, 47, 0, 48,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            49, 0, 50, 0, 51, 0, 52, 0, 53, 0, 54, 0, 55, 0, 56,
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            57, 0, 58, 0, 59, 0, 60, 0, 61, 0, 62, 0, 63, 0, 64;
+    }
+
+    int ccltype[] = { cv::CCL_DEFAULT, cv::CCL_WU, cv::CCL_GRANA, cv::CCL_BOLELLI, cv::CCL_SAUF, cv::CCL_BBDT, cv::CCL_SPAGHETTI };
+
+    cv::Mat1i labels;
+    cv::Mat diff;
+    int nLabels = 0;
+    for (size_t cclt = 0; cclt < sizeof(ccltype) / sizeof(int); ++cclt) {
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 8, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_8c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 4, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_4c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+    }
+
+}
+
+TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, single_row)
+{
+    cv::Size size(1, 15);
+    cv::Mat1b input(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_8c(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_4c(size);
+
+    {
+        input <<
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1;
+
+
+        output_8c <<
+            1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8;
+
+
+        output_4c <<
+            1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8;
+
+    }
+
+    int ccltype[] = { cv::CCL_DEFAULT, cv::CCL_WU, cv::CCL_GRANA, cv::CCL_BOLELLI, cv::CCL_SAUF, cv::CCL_BBDT, cv::CCL_SPAGHETTI };
+
+    cv::Mat1i labels;
+    cv::Mat diff;
+    int nLabels = 0;
+    for (size_t cclt = 0; cclt < sizeof(ccltype) / sizeof(int); ++cclt) {
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 8, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_8c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 4, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_4c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+    }
+
+}
+
+TEST(Imgproc_ConnectedComponents, single_column)
+{
+    cv::Size size(15, 1);
+    cv::Mat1b input(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_8c(size);
+    cv::Mat1i output_4c(size);
+
+    {
+        input <<
+            1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1;
+
+
+        output_8c <<
+            1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8;
+
+
+        output_4c <<
+            1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 7, 0, 8;
+
+    }
+
+    int ccltype[] = { cv::CCL_DEFAULT, cv::CCL_WU, cv::CCL_GRANA, cv::CCL_BOLELLI, cv::CCL_SAUF, cv::CCL_BBDT, cv::CCL_SPAGHETTI };
+
+    cv::Mat1i labels;
+    cv::Mat diff;
+    int nLabels = 0;
+    for (size_t cclt = 0; cclt < sizeof(ccltype) / sizeof(int); ++cclt) {
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 8, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_8c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+
+
+        EXPECT_NO_THROW(nLabels = cv::connectedComponents(input, labels, 4, CV_32S, ccltype[cclt]));
+        normalizeLabels(labels, nLabels);
+
+        diff = labels != output_4c;
+        EXPECT_EQ(cv::countNonZero(diff), 0);
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+}
+} // namespace