Increase neighbors search radius for corners in ChessBoardDetector:findQuadNeighbors #26014
I didn't do everything right the way I wanted at #25991. I forgot that `edge_len` is edge **squared** length as well as `thresh_scale` is threshold for **squared** scale. So, I wanted to increase scale by `sqrt(2)` times (idea is to use quad diagonal instead of quad side) and therefore `thresh_scale` should be equal to `sqrt(2)^2 = 2`.
And refactor variables names to explicitly indicate that they are squared, so that no one else falls into this trap
I tested this PR with benchmark
```
python3 objdetect_benchmark.py --configuration=generate_run --board_x=7 --path=res_chessboard --synthetic_object=chessboard
```
PR increases detected chessboards number by `1/2%`:
```
cell_img_size = 100 (default)
before
category detected chessboard total detected chessboard total chessboard average detected error chessboard
all 0.941667 13560 14400 0.596726
Total detected time: 136.68963200000007 sec
after
category detected chessboard total detected chessboard total chessboard average detected error chessboard
all 0.952083 13710 14400 0.595984
Total detected time: 136.55770600000014 sec
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cell_img_size = 10
before
category detected chessboard total detected chessboard total chessboard average detected error chessboard
all 0.579167 8340 14400 4.198448
Total detected time: 2.535998999999999 sec
after
category detected chessboard total detected chessboard total chessboard average detected error
all 0.591389 8516 14400 4.155250
Total detected time: 2.700832999999997 sec
```
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [ ] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [ ] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake