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189 lines
6.0 KiB
189 lines
6.0 KiB
--- |
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short-description: Installing targets |
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... |
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# Installing |
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Invoked via the [following command](Commands.md#install) *(available |
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since 0.47.0)*: |
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```sh |
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meson install |
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``` |
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or alternatively (on older Meson versions with `ninja` backend): |
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```sh |
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ninja install |
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``` |
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By default Meson will not install anything. Build targets can be |
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installed by tagging them as installable in the definition. |
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```meson |
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project('install', 'c') |
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shared_library('mylib', 'libfile.c', install : true) |
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``` |
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There is usually no need to specify install paths or the like. Meson |
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will automatically install it to the standards-conforming location. In |
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this particular case the executable is installed to the `bin` |
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subdirectory of the install prefix. However if you wish to override |
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the install dir, you can do that with the `install_dir` argument. |
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```meson |
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executable('prog', 'prog.c', install : true, install_dir : 'my/special/dir') |
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``` |
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Other install commands are the following. |
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```meson |
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install_headers('header.h', subdir : 'projname') # -> include/projname/header.h |
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install_man('foo.1') # -> share/man/man1/foo.1 |
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install_data('datafile.dat', install_dir : get_option('datadir') / 'progname') |
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# -> share/progname/datafile.dat |
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``` |
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`install_data()` supports rename of the file *since 0.46.0*. |
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```meson |
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# file.txt -> {datadir}/{projectname}/new-name.txt |
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install_data('file.txt', rename : 'new-name.txt') |
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# file1.txt -> share/myapp/dir1/data.txt |
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# file2.txt -> share/myapp/dir2/data.txt |
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install_data(['file1.txt', 'file2.txt'], |
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rename : ['dir1/data.txt', 'dir2/data.txt'], |
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install_dir : 'share/myapp') |
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``` |
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Sometimes you want to copy an entire subtree directly. For this use |
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case there is the `install_subdir` command, which can be used like |
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this. |
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```meson |
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install_subdir('mydir', install_dir : 'include') # mydir subtree -> include/mydir |
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``` |
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Most of the time you want to install files relative to the install |
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prefix. Sometimes you need to go outside of the prefix (such as writing |
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files to `/etc` instead of `/usr/etc`. This can be accomplished by |
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giving an absolute install path. |
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```meson |
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install_data(sources : 'foo.dat', install_dir : '/etc') # -> /etc/foo.dat |
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``` |
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## Custom install script |
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Sometimes you need to do more than just install basic targets. Meson |
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makes this easy by allowing you to specify a custom script to execute |
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at install time. As an example, here is a script that generates an |
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empty file in a custom directory. |
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```bash |
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#!/bin/sh |
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mkdir "${DESTDIR}/${MESON_INSTALL_PREFIX}/mydir" |
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touch "${DESTDIR}/${MESON_INSTALL_PREFIX}/mydir/file.dat" |
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``` |
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As you can see, Meson sets up some environment variables to help you |
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write your script (`DESTDIR` is not set by Meson, it is inherited from |
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the outside environment). In addition to the install prefix, Meson |
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also sets the variables `MESON_SOURCE_ROOT` and `MESON_BUILD_ROOT`. |
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Telling Meson to run this script at install time is a one-liner. |
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```meson |
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meson.add_install_script('myscript.sh') |
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``` |
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The argument is the name of the script file relative to the current |
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subdirectory. |
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## DESTDIR support |
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Sometimes you need to install to a different directory than the |
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install prefix. This is most common when building rpm or deb |
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packages. This is done with the `DESTDIR` environment variable and it |
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is used just like with other build systems: |
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```console |
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$ DESTDIR=/path/to/staging/area meson install |
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``` |
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Since *0.57.0* `--destdir` argument can be used instead of environment. In that |
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case Meson will set `DESTDIR` into environment when running install scripts. |
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Since *0.60.0* `DESTDIR` and `--destdir` can be a path relative to build |
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directory. An absolute path will be set into environment when executing scripts. |
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## Custom install behaviour |
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Installation behaviour can be further customized using additional |
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arguments. |
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For example, if you wish to install the current setup without |
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rebuilding the code (which the default install target always does) and |
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only installing those files that have changed, you would run this |
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command in the build tree: |
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```console |
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$ meson install --no-rebuild --only-changed |
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``` |
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## Installation tags |
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*Since 0.60.0* |
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It is possible to install only a subset of the installable files using |
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`meson install --tags tag1,tag2` command line. When `--tags` is specified, only |
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files that have been tagged with one of the tags are going to be installed. |
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This is intended to be used by packagers (e.g. distributions) who typically |
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want to split `libfoo`, `libfoo-dev` and `libfoo-doc` packages. Instead of |
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duplicating the list of installed files per category in each packaging system, |
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it can be maintained in a single place, directly in upstream `meson.build` files. |
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Meson sets predefined tags on some files. More tags are likely to be added over |
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time, please help extending the list of well known categories. |
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- `devel`: |
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* `static_library()`, |
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* `install_headers()`, |
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* `pkgconfig.generate()`, |
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* `gnome.generate_gir()` - `.gir` file, |
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* Files installed into `libdir` and with `.a` or `.pc` extension, |
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* File installed into `includedir`. |
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- `runtime`: |
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* `executable()`, |
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* `shared_library()`, |
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* `shared_module()`, |
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* `jar()`, |
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* Files installed into `bindir`. |
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* Files installed into `libdir` and with `.so` or `.dll` extension. |
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- `python-runtime`: |
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* `python.install_sources()`. |
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- `man`: |
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* `install_man()`. |
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- `doc`: |
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* `gnome.gtkdoc()`, |
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* `hotdoc.generate_doc()`. |
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- `i18n`: |
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* `i18n.gettext()`, |
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* `qt.compile_translations()`, |
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* Files installed into `localedir`. |
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- `typelib`: |
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* `gnome.generate_gir()` - `.typelib` file. |
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Custom installation tag can be set using the `install_tag` keyword argument |
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on various functions such as `custom_target()`, `configure_file()`, |
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`install_subdir()` and `install_data()`. See their respective documentation |
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in the reference manual for details. It is recommended to use one of the |
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predefined tags above when possible. |
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Installable files that have not been tagged either automatically by Meson, or |
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manually using `install_tag` keyword argument won't be installed when `--tags` |
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is used. They are reported at the end of `<builddir>/meson-logs/meson-log.txt`, |
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it is recommended to add missing `install_tag` to have a tag on each installable |
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files.
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