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meson/docs/markdown/Porting-from-autotools.md

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# Porting from Autotools
This page uses [AppStream-glib](https://github.com/hughsie/appstream-glib/) as an example project. AppStream-Glib contains some libraries, GObject Introspection data, tests, man pages, i18n, bash-completion with optional flags to build/not build support for some things.
Meson comes with a helper script `ac_converter` that you can use to convert the basic autoconf checks for your project.
## Configure.ac
First let's look at `configure.ac` and write the same in `meson.build`.
```autoconf
AC_PREREQ(2.63)
```
Meson doesn't provide the same function, so just ignore this.
### Defining variables
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
m4_define([as_major_version], [0])
m4_define([as_minor_version], [3])
m4_define([as_micro_version], [6])
m4_define([as_version],
[as_major_version.as_minor_version.as_micro_version])
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
as_version = meson.project_version() # set in project() below
ver_arr = as_version.split('.')
as_major_version = ver_arr[0]
as_minor_version = ver_arr[1]
as_micro_version = ver_arr[2]
```
### Initializing project and setting compilers
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
AC_INIT([appstream-glib],[as_version])
AC_PROG_CC
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
project('appstream-glib', 'c', version : '0.3.6')
```
Note that this must be the first line of your `meson.build` file.
### AC_SUBST
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
AC_SUBST(AS_MAJOR_VERSION)
AC_SUBST(AS_MINOR_VERSION)
AC_SUBST(AS_MICRO_VERSION)
AC_SUBST(AS_VERSION)
```
You don't need to do the same in Meson, because it does not have two different types of files (Makefile, configure).
### Auto headers
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
conf = configuration_data()
# Surround the version in quotes to make it a C string
conf.set_quoted('VERSION', as_version)
configure_file(output : 'config.h',
configuration : conf)
```
Meson doesn't support autoheaders, you need to manually specify what do you want to see in header file, write `configuration_data()` object and use `configure_file()`.
You can also substitute variables of type `@SOME_VAR@` with configure data. The details are on the [configuration page](Configuration.md).
### Finding programs
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
AC_PATH_PROG(GPERF, [gperf], [no])
if test x$GPERF != xno ; then
AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GPERF,[1], [Use gperf])
fi
AM_CONDITIONAL(HAVE_GPERF, [test x$GPERF != xno])
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
gperf = find_program('gperf', required : false)
if gperf.found()
conf.set('HAVE_GPERF', 1)
endif
```
### Finding pkg-config modules
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
PKG_CHECK_MODULES(SOUP, libsoup-2.4 >= 2.24)
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
soup = dependency('libsoup-2.4', version : '>= 2.24')
```
### Arguments
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
AC_ARG_ENABLE(dep11, AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dep11],[enable DEP-11]),
enable_dep11=$enableval,enable_dep11=yes)
AM_CONDITIONAL(HAVE_DEP11, test x$enable_dep11 = xyes)
if test x$enable_dep11 = xyes; then
AC_CHECK_HEADER(yaml.h, [], [AC_MSG_ERROR([No yaml.h])])
YAML_LIBS="-lyaml"
AC_SUBST(YAML_LIBS)
AC_DEFINE(AS_BUILD_DEP11,1,[Build DEP-11 code])
fi
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
if get_option('enable-dep11')
yaml = dependency('yaml-0.1')
conf.set('AS_BUILD_DEP11', 1)
else
yaml = dependency('yaml-0.1', required : false)
endif
```
`meson_options.txt`:
```meson
option('enable-dep11', type : 'boolean', value : true, description : 'enable DEP-11')
```
## Makefile.am
Next step is `Makefile.am`. In meson you don't need to have other file, you still use `meson.build`.
### Sub directories
`Makefile.am`:
```make
SUBDIRS = \
libappstream-glib
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
subdir('libappstream-glib')
```
### *CLEANFILES, EXTRA_DIST, etc.
`Makefile.am`:
```make
DISTCLEANFILES = \
appstream-glib-*.tar.xz
MAINTAINERCLEANFILES = \
*~ \
ABOUT-NLS \
aclocal.m4 \
ChangeLog \
compile \
config.guess \
config.h.* \
config.rpath
EXTRA_DIST = \
COPYING \
MAINTAINERS \
AUTHORS \
README.md \
NEWS \
autogen.sh \
config.h
```
In Meson you don't need have `*CLEANFILES`, because in meson you are building in temporary directory (usually called `build`), you manually removing it. You also not need to use `EXTRA_DIST`, because you will make tarballs via `git archive` or something like this.
### glib-compile-resources
`Makefile.am`:
```make
as-resources.c: appstream-glib.gresource.xml \
as-stock-icons.txt \
as-license-ids.txt \
as-blacklist-ids.txt \
as-category-ids.txt \
as-environment-ids.txt
$(AM_V_GEN) \
glib-compile-resources \
--sourcedir=$(srcdir) \
--sourcedir=$(top_builddir)/data \
--target=$@ \
--generate-source \
--c-name as \
$(srcdir)/appstream-glib.gresource.xml
as-resources.h: appstream-glib.gresource.xml \
as-stock-icons.txt \
as-license-ids.txt \
as-blacklist-ids.txt \
as-category-ids.txt \
as-environment-ids.txt
$(AM_V_GEN) \
glib-compile-resources \
--sourcedir=$(srcdir) \
--sourcedir=$(top_builddir)/data \
--target=$@ \
--generate-header \
--c-name as \
$(srcdir)/appstream-glib.gresource.xml
BUILT_SOURCES = \
as-resources.c \
as-resources.h
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
asresources = gnome.compile_resources(
'as-resources', 'appstream-glib.gresource.xml',
source_dir : '.',
c_name : 'as')
```
### Headers
`Makefile.am`:
```make
libappstream_glib_includedir = $(includedir)/libappstream-glib
libappstream_glib_include_HEADERS = \
appstream-glib.h \
as-app.h \
as-bundle.h \
as-enums.h \
as-icon.h \
as-image.h \
as-inf.h \
as-node.h \
as-problem.h \
as-provide.h \
as-release.h \
as-screenshot.h \
as-store.h \
as-tag.h \
as-utils.h \
as-version.h
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
headers = [
'appstream-glib.h',
'as-app.h',
'as-bundle.h',
'as-enums.h',
'as-icon.h',
'as-image.h',
'as-inf.h',
'as-node.h',
'as-problem.h',
'as-provide.h',
'as-release.h',
'as-screenshot.h',
'as-store.h',
'as-tag.h',
'as-utils.h',
'as-version.h']
install_headers(headers, subdir : 'libappstream-glib')
```
### Libraries
`Makefile.am`:
```make
lib_LTLIBRARIES = \
libappstream-glib.la
libappstream_glib_la_SOURCES = \
as-app.c \
as-app-desktop.c \
as-app-inf.c \
as-app-private.h \
as-app-validate.c \
as-bundle.c \
as-bundle-private.h \
as-cleanup.h \
as-enums.c \
as-icon.c \
as-icon-private.h \
as-image.c \
as-image-private.h \
as-inf.c \
as-inf.h \
as-node.c \
as-node-private.h \
as-problem.c \
as-problem.h \
as-provide.c \
as-provide-private.h \
as-release.c \
as-release-private.h \
as-resources.c \
as-resources.h \
as-screenshot.c \
as-screenshot-private.h \
as-store.c \
as-tag.c \
as-utils.c \
as-utils-private.h \
as-version.h \
as-yaml.c \
as-yaml.h
libappstream_glib_la_LIBADD = \
$(GLIB_LIBS) \
$(GDKPIXBUF_LIBS) \
$(LIBARCHIVE_LIBS) \
$(SOUP_LIBS) \
$(YAML_LIBS)
libappstream_glib_la_LDFLAGS = \
-version-info $(LT_CURRENT):$(LT_REVISION):$(LT_AGE) \
-export-dynamic \
-no-undefined \
-export-symbols-regex '^as_.*'
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
sources = [
'as-app.c',
'as-app-desktop.c',
'as-app-inf.c',
'as-app-private.h',
'as-app-validate.c',
'as-bundle.c',
'as-bundle-private.h',
'as-cleanup.h',
'as-enums.c',
'as-icon.c',
'as-icon-private.h',
'as-image.c',
'as-image-private.h',
'as-inf.c',
'as-inf.h',
'as-node.c',
'as-node-private.h',
'as-problem.c',
'as-problem.h',
'as-provide.c',
'as-provide-private.h',
'as-release.c',
'as-release-private.h',
asresources,
'as-screenshot.c',
'as-screenshot-private.h',
'as-store.c',
'as-tag.c',
'as-utils.c',
'as-utils-private.h',
'as-version.h',
'as-yaml.c',
'as-yaml.h']
deps = [glib, gdkpixbuf, libarchive, soup, yaml]
mapfile = 'appstream-glib.map'
vflag = '-Wl,--version-script,@0@/@1@'.format(meson.current_source_dir(), mapfile)
asglib = shared_library(
'appstream-glib', sources,
soversion : lt_current,
version : lt_version,
dependencies : deps,
include_directories : include_directories('@0@/..'.format(meson.current_build_dir())),
link_args : ['-Wl,--no-undefined', vflag],
link_depends : mapfile,
install : true)
```
`appstream-glib.map`:
```
{
global:
as_*;
local:
*;
};
```
### Custom targets
`Makefile.am`:
```make
if HAVE_GPERF
as-tag-private.h: as-tag.gperf
$(AM_V_GEN) gperf < $< > $@
libappstream_glib_la_SOURCES += as-tag-private.h
BUILT_SOURCES += as-tag-private.h
endif
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
if gperf.found()
astagpriv = custom_target('gperf as-tag',
output : 'as-tag-private.h',
input : 'as-tag.gperf',
command : [gperf, '@INPUT@', '--output-file', '@OUTPUT@'])
sources = sources + [astagpriv]
endif
```
### Global CFLAGS
`Makefile.am`:
```make
AM_CPPFLAGS = \
-DAS_COMPILATION \
-DLOCALSTATEDIR=\""$(localstatedir)"\" \
-DG_LOG_DOMAIN=\"As\"
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
add_global_arguments('-DG_LOG_DOMAIN="As"', language : 'c')
add_global_arguments('-DAS_COMPILATION', language : 'c')
add_global_arguments('-DLOCALSTATEDIR="/var"', language : 'c')
```
### Tests
`Makefile.am`:
```make
check_PROGRAMS = \
as-self-test
as_self_test_SOURCES = \
as-self-test.c
as_self_test_LDADD = \
$(GLIB_LIBS) \
$(GDKPIXBUF_LIBS) \
$(LIBARCHIVE_LIBS) \
$(SOUP_LIBS) \
$(YAML_LIBS) \
$(lib_LTLIBRARIES)
as_self_test_CFLAGS = -DTESTDATADIR=\""$(top_srcdir)/data/tests"\"
TESTS = as-self-test
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
selftest = executable(
'as-self-test', 'as-self-test.c',
include_directories : include_directories('@0@/..'.format(meson.current_build_dir())),
dependencies : deps,
c_args : '-DTESTDATADIR="@0@/../data/tests"'.format(meson.current_source_dir()),
link_with : asglib)
test('as-self-test', selftest)
```
### GObject Introspection
`Makefile.am`:
```make
introspection_sources = \
as-app.c \
as-app-validate.c \
as-app.h \
as-bundle.c \
as-bundle.h \
as-enums.c \
as-enums.h \
as-icon.c \
as-icon.h \
as-image.c \
as-image.h \
as-inf.c \
as-inf.h \
as-node.c \
as-node.h \
as-problem.c \
as-problem.h \
as-provide.c \
as-provide.h \
as-release.c \
as-release.h \
as-screenshot.c \
as-screenshot.h \
as-store.c \
as-store.h \
as-tag.c \
as-tag.h \
as-utils.c \
as-utils.h \
as-version.h
AppStreamGlib-1.0.gir: libappstream-glib.la
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_INCLUDES = GObject-2.0 Gio-2.0 GdkPixbuf-2.0
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_CFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS)
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_SCANNERFLAGS = --identifier-prefix=As \
--symbol-prefix=as_ \
--warn-all \
--add-include-path=$(srcdir)
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_EXPORT_PACKAGES = appstream-glib
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_LIBS = libappstream-glib.la
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_FILES = $(introspection_sources)
INTROSPECTION_GIRS += AppStreamGlib-1.0.gir
girdir = $(datadir)/gir-1.0
gir_DATA = $(INTROSPECTION_GIRS)
typelibdir = $(libdir)/girepository-1.0
typelib_DATA = $(INTROSPECTION_GIRS:.gir=.typelib)
CLEANFILES += $(gir_DATA) $(typelib_DATA)
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
introspection_sources = [
'as-app.c',
'as-app-validate.c',
'as-app.h',
'as-bundle.c',
'as-bundle.h',
'as-enums.c',
'as-enums.h',
'as-icon.c',
'as-icon.h',
'as-image.c',
'as-image.h',
'as-inf.c',
'as-inf.h',
'as-node.c',
'as-node.h',
'as-problem.c',
'as-problem.h',
'as-provide.c',
'as-provide.h',
'as-release.c',
'as-release.h',
'as-screenshot.c',
'as-screenshot.h',
'as-store.c',
'as-store.h',
'as-tag.c',
'as-tag.h',
'as-utils.c',
'as-utils.h']
'as-version.h']
gnome.generate_gir(asglib,
sources : introspection_sources,
nsversion : '1.0',
namespace : 'AppStreamGlib',
symbol_prefix : 'as_',
identifier_prefix : 'As',
export_packages : 'appstream-glib',
includes : ['GObject-2.0', 'Gio-2.0', 'GdkPixbuf-2.0'],
install : true
)
```
### GSettings
`configure.ac`:
```sh
GLIB_GSETTINGS
```
`Makefile.am`:
```make
gsettings_SCHEMAS = foo.gschema.xml
@GSETTINGS_RULES@
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
install_data('foo.gschema.xml', install_dir: join_paths(get_option('datadir'), 'glib-2.0', 'schemas'))
meson.add_install_script('meson_post_install.py')
```
`meson_post_install.py`:
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import subprocess
schemadir = os.path.join(os.environ['MESON_INSTALL_PREFIX'], 'share', 'glib-2.0', 'schemas')
if not os.environ.get('DESTDIR'):
print('Compiling gsettings schemas...')
subprocess.call(['glib-compile-schemas', schemadir])
```