diff --git a/mesonbuild/backend/backends.py b/mesonbuild/backend/backends.py
index 2727abec8..6f6d3db0f 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/backend/backends.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/backend/backends.py
@@ -90,12 +90,13 @@ class InstallData:
         self.mesonintrospect = mesonintrospect
 
 class TargetInstallData:
-    def __init__(self, fname, outdir, aliases, strip, install_name_mappings, install_rpath, install_mode, optional=False):
+    def __init__(self, fname, outdir, aliases, strip, install_name_mappings, rpath_dirs_to_remove, install_rpath, install_mode, optional=False):
         self.fname = fname
         self.outdir = outdir
         self.aliases = aliases
         self.strip = strip
         self.install_name_mappings = install_name_mappings
+        self.rpath_dirs_to_remove = rpath_dirs_to_remove
         self.install_rpath = install_rpath
         self.install_mode = install_mode
         self.optional = optional
@@ -476,6 +477,7 @@ class Backend:
             result = OrderedSet()
             result.add('meson-out')
         result.update(self.rpaths_for_bundled_shared_libraries(target))
+        target.rpath_dirs_to_remove.update([d.encode('utf8') for d in result])
         return tuple(result)
 
     def object_filename_from_source(self, target, source):
@@ -1140,6 +1142,7 @@ class Backend:
                     mappings = t.get_link_deps_mapping(d.prefix, self.environment)
                     i = TargetInstallData(self.get_target_filename(t), outdirs[0],
                                           t.get_aliases(), should_strip, mappings,
+                                          t.rpath_dirs_to_remove,
                                           t.install_rpath, install_mode)
                     d.targets.append(i)
 
@@ -1157,14 +1160,14 @@ class Backend:
                                 implib_install_dir = self.environment.get_import_lib_dir()
                             # Install the import library; may not exist for shared modules
                             i = TargetInstallData(self.get_target_filename_for_linking(t),
-                                                  implib_install_dir, {}, False, {}, '', install_mode,
+                                                  implib_install_dir, {}, False, {}, set(), '', install_mode,
                                                   optional=isinstance(t, build.SharedModule))
                             d.targets.append(i)
 
                         if not should_strip and t.get_debug_filename():
                             debug_file = os.path.join(self.get_target_dir(t), t.get_debug_filename())
                             i = TargetInstallData(debug_file, outdirs[0],
-                                                  {}, False, {}, '',
+                                                  {}, False, {}, set(), '',
                                                   install_mode, optional=True)
                             d.targets.append(i)
                 # Install secondary outputs. Only used for Vala right now.
@@ -1174,7 +1177,7 @@ class Backend:
                         if outdir is False:
                             continue
                         f = os.path.join(self.get_target_dir(t), output)
-                        i = TargetInstallData(f, outdir, {}, False, {}, None, install_mode)
+                        i = TargetInstallData(f, outdir, {}, False, {}, set(), None, install_mode)
                         d.targets.append(i)
             elif isinstance(t, build.CustomTarget):
                 # If only one install_dir is specified, assume that all
@@ -1187,7 +1190,7 @@ class Backend:
                 if num_outdirs == 1 and num_out > 1:
                     for output in t.get_outputs():
                         f = os.path.join(self.get_target_dir(t), output)
-                        i = TargetInstallData(f, outdirs[0], {}, False, {}, None, install_mode,
+                        i = TargetInstallData(f, outdirs[0], {}, False, {}, set(), None, install_mode,
                                               optional=not t.build_by_default)
                         d.targets.append(i)
                 else:
@@ -1196,7 +1199,7 @@ class Backend:
                         if outdir is False:
                             continue
                         f = os.path.join(self.get_target_dir(t), output)
-                        i = TargetInstallData(f, outdir, {}, False, {}, None, install_mode,
+                        i = TargetInstallData(f, outdir, {}, False, {}, set(), None, install_mode,
                                               optional=not t.build_by_default)
                         d.targets.append(i)
 
diff --git a/mesonbuild/backend/ninjabackend.py b/mesonbuild/backend/ninjabackend.py
index 9b895c908..49025f9d4 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/backend/ninjabackend.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/backend/ninjabackend.py
@@ -1348,7 +1348,8 @@ int dummy;
                                                                self.get_target_dir(target))
             else:
                 target_slashname_workaround_dir = self.get_target_dir(target)
-            rpath_args = rustc.build_rpath_args(self.environment,
+            (rpath_args, target.rpath_dirs_to_remove) = \
+                         rustc.build_rpath_args(self.environment,
                                                 self.environment.get_build_dir(),
                                                 target_slashname_workaround_dir,
                                                 self.determine_rpath_dirs(target),
@@ -2580,12 +2581,14 @@ https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=47485'''))
                 self.get_target_dir(target))
         else:
             target_slashname_workaround_dir = self.get_target_dir(target)
-        commands += linker.build_rpath_args(self.environment,
+        (rpath_args, target.rpath_dirs_to_remove) = \
+                    linker.build_rpath_args(self.environment,
                                             self.environment.get_build_dir(),
                                             target_slashname_workaround_dir,
                                             self.determine_rpath_dirs(target),
                                             target.build_rpath,
                                             target.install_rpath)
+        commands += rpath_args
         # Add libraries generated by custom targets
         custom_target_libraries = self.get_custom_target_provided_libraries(target)
         commands += extra_args
diff --git a/mesonbuild/build.py b/mesonbuild/build.py
index 2b4b1b980..7c833a6b1 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/build.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/build.py
@@ -511,6 +511,8 @@ class BuildTarget(Target):
         self.d_features = {}
         self.pic = False
         self.pie = False
+        # Track build_rpath entries so we can remove them at install time
+        self.rpath_dirs_to_remove = set()
         # Sources can be:
         # 1. Pre-existing source files in the source tree
         # 2. Pre-existing sources generated by configure_file in the build tree
diff --git a/mesonbuild/compilers/compilers.py b/mesonbuild/compilers/compilers.py
index 3d3a503cd..b2bea26ae 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/compilers/compilers.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/compilers/compilers.py
@@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ class Compiler:
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
         return self.linker.build_rpath_args(
             env, build_dir, from_dir, rpath_paths, build_rpath, install_rpath)
 
diff --git a/mesonbuild/compilers/cuda.py b/mesonbuild/compilers/cuda.py
index e839f532f..4e89f5d0a 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/compilers/cuda.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/compilers/cuda.py
@@ -271,9 +271,10 @@ class CudaCompiler(Compiler):
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
-        return self._cook_link_args(self.host_compiler.build_rpath_args(
-            env, build_dir, from_dir, rpath_paths, build_rpath, install_rpath))
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
+        (rpath_args, rpath_dirs_to_remove) = self.host_compiler.build_rpath_args(
+            env, build_dir, from_dir, rpath_paths, build_rpath, install_rpath)
+        return (self._cook_link_args(rpath_args), rpath_dirs_to_remove)
 
     def linker_to_compiler_args(self, args):
         return args
diff --git a/mesonbuild/compilers/d.py b/mesonbuild/compilers/d.py
index a83e22116..e7bd2807b 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/compilers/d.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/compilers/d.py
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ class DmdLikeCompilerMixin:
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env, build_dir, from_dir, rpath_paths, build_rpath, install_rpath):
         if self.info.is_windows():
-            return []
+            return ([], set())
 
         # GNU ld, solaris ld, and lld acting like GNU ld
         if self.linker.id.startswith('ld'):
@@ -228,15 +228,16 @@ class DmdLikeCompilerMixin:
             # do directly, each argument -rpath and the value to rpath, need to be
             # split into two separate arguments both prefaced with the -L=.
             args = []
-            for r in super().build_rpath_args(
-                    env, build_dir, from_dir, rpath_paths, build_rpath, install_rpath):
+            (rpath_args, rpath_dirs_to_remove) = super().build_rpath_args(
+                    env, build_dir, from_dir, rpath_paths, build_rpath, install_rpath)
+            for r in rpath_args:
                 if ',' in r:
                     a, b = r.split(',', maxsplit=1)
                     args.append(a)
                     args.append(self.LINKER_PREFIX + b)
                 else:
                     args.append(r)
-            return args
+            return (args, rpath_dirs_to_remove)
 
         return super().build_rpath_args(
             env, build_dir, from_dir, rpath_paths, build_rpath, install_rpath)
diff --git a/mesonbuild/compilers/mixins/islinker.py b/mesonbuild/compilers/mixins/islinker.py
index 681c8164c..bf1d339a2 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/compilers/mixins/islinker.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/compilers/mixins/islinker.py
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ class BasicLinkerIsCompilerMixin:
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
-        return []
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
+        return ([], set())
 
     def get_linker_debug_crt_args(self) -> T.List[str]:
         return []
diff --git a/mesonbuild/linkers.py b/mesonbuild/linkers.py
index db735e7ea..f02c297ea 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/linkers.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/linkers.py
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ class StaticLinker:
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
-        return []
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
+        return ([], set())
 
     def thread_link_flags(self, env: 'Environment') -> T.List[str]:
         return []
@@ -444,8 +444,8 @@ class DynamicLinker(LinkerEnvVarsMixin, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
-        return []
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
+        return ([], set())
 
     def get_soname_args(self, env: 'Environment', prefix: str, shlib_name: str,
                         suffix: str, soversion: str, darwin_versions: T.Tuple[str, str],
@@ -551,12 +551,12 @@ class GnuLikeDynamicLinkerMixin:
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
         m = env.machines[self.for_machine]
         if m.is_windows() or m.is_cygwin():
-            return []
+            return ([], set())
         if not rpath_paths and not install_rpath and not build_rpath:
-            return []
+            return ([], set())
         args = []
         origin_placeholder = '$ORIGIN'
         processed_rpaths = prepare_rpaths(rpath_paths, build_dir, from_dir)
@@ -564,9 +564,14 @@ class GnuLikeDynamicLinkerMixin:
         # is *very* allergic to duplicate -delete_rpath arguments
         # when calling depfixer on installation.
         all_paths = mesonlib.OrderedSet([os.path.join(origin_placeholder, p) for p in processed_rpaths])
+        rpath_dirs_to_remove = set()
+        for p in all_paths:
+            rpath_dirs_to_remove.add(p.encode('utf8'))
         # Build_rpath is used as-is (it is usually absolute).
         if build_rpath != '':
             all_paths.add(build_rpath)
+            for p in build_rpath.split(':'):
+                rpath_dirs_to_remove.add(p.encode('utf8'))
 
         # TODO: should this actually be "for (dragonfly|open)bsd"?
         if mesonlib.is_dragonflybsd() or mesonlib.is_openbsd():
@@ -590,7 +595,7 @@ class GnuLikeDynamicLinkerMixin:
 
         # TODO: should this actually be "for solaris/sunos"?
         if mesonlib.is_sunos():
-            return args
+            return (args, rpath_dirs_to_remove)
 
         # Rpaths to use while linking must be absolute. These are not
         # written to the binary. Needed only with GNU ld:
@@ -610,7 +615,7 @@ class GnuLikeDynamicLinkerMixin:
         for p in rpath_paths:
             args.extend(self._apply_prefix('-rpath-link,' + os.path.join(build_dir, p)))
 
-        return args
+        return (args, rpath_dirs_to_remove)
 
 
 class AppleDynamicLinker(PosixDynamicLinkerMixin, DynamicLinker):
@@ -676,9 +681,9 @@ class AppleDynamicLinker(PosixDynamicLinkerMixin, DynamicLinker):
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
         if not rpath_paths and not install_rpath and not build_rpath:
-            return []
+            return ([], set())
         # Ensure that there is enough space for install_name_tool in-place
         # editing of large RPATHs
         args = self._apply_prefix('-headerpad_max_install_names')
@@ -692,7 +697,7 @@ class AppleDynamicLinker(PosixDynamicLinkerMixin, DynamicLinker):
         for rp in all_paths:
             args.extend(self._apply_prefix('-rpath,' + rp))
 
-        return args
+        return (args, set())
 
 
 class GnuDynamicLinker(GnuLikeDynamicLinkerMixin, PosixDynamicLinkerMixin, DynamicLinker):
@@ -763,8 +768,8 @@ class WASMDynamicLinker(GnuLikeDynamicLinkerMixin, PosixDynamicLinkerMixin, Dyna
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
-        return []
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
+        return ([], set())
 
 
 class CcrxDynamicLinker(DynamicLinker):
@@ -839,8 +844,8 @@ class Xc16DynamicLinker(DynamicLinker):
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
-        return []
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
+        return ([], set())
 
 
 class C2000DynamicLinker(DynamicLinker):
@@ -938,10 +943,10 @@ class PGIDynamicLinker(PosixDynamicLinkerMixin, DynamicLinker):
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
         if not env.machines[self.for_machine].is_windows():
-            return ['-R' + os.path.join(build_dir, p) for p in rpath_paths]
-        return []
+            return (['-R' + os.path.join(build_dir, p) for p in rpath_paths], set())
+        return ([], set())
 
 
 class PGIStaticLinker(StaticLinker):
@@ -1091,9 +1096,9 @@ class SolarisDynamicLinker(PosixDynamicLinkerMixin, DynamicLinker):
 
     def build_rpath_args(self, env: 'Environment', build_dir: str, from_dir: str,
                          rpath_paths: str, build_rpath: str,
-                         install_rpath: str) -> T.List[str]:
+                         install_rpath: str) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Set[bytes]]:
         if not rpath_paths and not install_rpath and not build_rpath:
-            return []
+            return ([], set())
         processed_rpaths = prepare_rpaths(rpath_paths, build_dir, from_dir)
         all_paths = mesonlib.OrderedSet([os.path.join('$ORIGIN', p) for p in processed_rpaths])
         if build_rpath != '':
@@ -1108,7 +1113,7 @@ class SolarisDynamicLinker(PosixDynamicLinkerMixin, DynamicLinker):
                 paths = padding
             else:
                 paths = paths + ':' + padding
-        return self._apply_prefix('-rpath,{}'.format(paths))
+        return (self._apply_prefix('-rpath,{}'.format(paths)), set())
 
     def get_soname_args(self, env: 'Environment', prefix: str, shlib_name: str,
                         suffix: str, soversion: str, darwin_versions: T.Tuple[str, str],
diff --git a/mesonbuild/minstall.py b/mesonbuild/minstall.py
index 9c644297f..0be01fe75 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/minstall.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/minstall.py
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ class Installer:
             if file_copied:
                 self.did_install_something = True
                 try:
-                    depfixer.fix_rpath(outname, install_rpath, final_path,
+                    depfixer.fix_rpath(outname, t.rpath_dirs_to_remove, install_rpath, final_path,
                                        install_name_mappings, verbose=False)
                 except SystemExit as e:
                     if isinstance(e.code, int) and e.code == 0:
diff --git a/mesonbuild/scripts/depfixer.py b/mesonbuild/scripts/depfixer.py
index 5ba3a9728..a3a3eff05 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/scripts/depfixer.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/scripts/depfixer.py
@@ -290,13 +290,13 @@ class Elf(DataSizes):
                 self.bf.seek(offset)
                 self.bf.write(newname)
 
-    def fix_rpath(self, new_rpath):
+    def fix_rpath(self, rpath_dirs_to_remove, new_rpath):
         # The path to search for can be either rpath or runpath.
         # Fix both of them to be sure.
-        self.fix_rpathtype_entry(new_rpath, DT_RPATH)
-        self.fix_rpathtype_entry(new_rpath, DT_RUNPATH)
+        self.fix_rpathtype_entry(rpath_dirs_to_remove, new_rpath, DT_RPATH)
+        self.fix_rpathtype_entry(rpath_dirs_to_remove, new_rpath, DT_RUNPATH)
 
-    def fix_rpathtype_entry(self, new_rpath, entrynum):
+    def fix_rpathtype_entry(self, rpath_dirs_to_remove, new_rpath, entrynum):
         if isinstance(new_rpath, str):
             new_rpath = new_rpath.encode('utf8')
         rp_off = self.get_entry_offset(entrynum)
@@ -305,7 +305,23 @@ class Elf(DataSizes):
                 print('File does not have rpath. It should be a fully static executable.')
             return
         self.bf.seek(rp_off)
+
         old_rpath = self.read_str()
+        new_rpaths = []
+        if new_rpath:
+            new_rpaths.append(new_rpath)
+        if old_rpath:
+            # Filter out build-only rpath entries
+            # added by get_link_dep_subdirs() or
+            # specified by user with build_rpath.
+            for dir in old_rpath.split(b':'):
+                if not (dir in rpath_dirs_to_remove or
+                        dir == (b'X' * len(dir))):
+                    new_rpaths.append(dir)
+
+        # Prepend user-specified new entries while preserving the ones that came from pkgconfig etc.
+        new_rpath = b':'.join(new_rpaths)
+
         if len(old_rpath) < len(new_rpath):
             sys.exit("New rpath must not be longer than the old one.")
         # The linker does read-only string deduplication. If there is a
@@ -343,13 +359,13 @@ class Elf(DataSizes):
             entry.write(self.bf)
         return None
 
-def fix_elf(fname, new_rpath, verbose=True):
+def fix_elf(fname, rpath_dirs_to_remove, new_rpath, verbose=True):
     with Elf(fname, verbose) as e:
         if new_rpath is None:
             e.print_rpath()
             e.print_runpath()
         else:
-            e.fix_rpath(new_rpath)
+            e.fix_rpath(rpath_dirs_to_remove, new_rpath)
 
 def get_darwin_rpaths_to_remove(fname):
     out = subprocess.check_output(['otool', '-l', fname],
@@ -430,7 +446,7 @@ def fix_jar(fname):
         f.truncate()
     subprocess.check_call(['jar', 'ufm', fname, 'META-INF/MANIFEST.MF'])
 
-def fix_rpath(fname, new_rpath, final_path, install_name_mappings, verbose=True):
+def fix_rpath(fname, rpath_dirs_to_remove, new_rpath, final_path, install_name_mappings, verbose=True):
     global INSTALL_NAME_TOOL
     # Static libraries, import libraries, debug information, headers, etc
     # never have rpaths
@@ -441,7 +457,7 @@ def fix_rpath(fname, new_rpath, final_path, install_name_mappings, verbose=True)
         if fname.endswith('.jar'):
             fix_jar(fname)
             return
-        fix_elf(fname, new_rpath, verbose)
+        fix_elf(fname, rpath_dirs_to_remove, new_rpath, verbose)
         return
     except SystemExit as e:
         if isinstance(e.code, int) and e.code == 0:
diff --git a/run_unittests.py b/run_unittests.py
index 2939b2095..d7fc221dc 100755
--- a/run_unittests.py
+++ b/run_unittests.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ from mesonbuild.mesonlib import (
     BuildDirLock, LibType, MachineChoice, PerMachine, Version, is_windows,
     is_osx, is_cygwin, is_dragonflybsd, is_openbsd, is_haiku, is_sunos,
     windows_proof_rmtree, python_command, version_compare, split_args,
-    quote_arg, relpath
+    quote_arg, relpath, is_linux
 )
 from mesonbuild.environment import detect_ninja
 from mesonbuild.mesonlib import MesonException, EnvironmentException
@@ -6390,13 +6390,15 @@ class LinuxlikeTests(BasePlatformTests):
         self.build(override_envvars=env)
         # test uninstalled
         self.run_tests(override_envvars=env)
-        if not is_osx():
-            # Rest of the workflow only works on macOS
+        if not (is_osx() or is_linux()):
             return
         # test running after installation
         self.install(use_destdir=False)
         prog = os.path.join(self.installdir, 'bin', 'prog')
         self._run([prog])
+        if not is_osx():
+            # Rest of the workflow only works on macOS
+            return
         out = self._run(['otool', '-L', prog])
         self.assertNotIn('@rpath', out)
         ## New builddir for testing that DESTDIR is not added to install_name
@@ -6413,6 +6415,57 @@ class LinuxlikeTests(BasePlatformTests):
             # Ensure that the otool output does not contain self.installdir
             self.assertNotRegex(out, self.installdir + '.*dylib ')
 
+    @skipIfNoPkgconfig
+    def test_usage_pkgconfig_prefixes(self):
+        '''
+        Build and install two external libraries, to different prefixes,
+        then build and install a client program that finds them via pkgconfig,
+        and verify the installed client program runs.
+        '''
+        oldinstalldir = self.installdir
+
+        # Build and install both external libraries without DESTDIR
+        val1dir = os.path.join(self.unit_test_dir, '76 pkgconfig prefixes', 'val1')
+        val1prefix = os.path.join(oldinstalldir, 'val1')
+        self.prefix = val1prefix
+        self.installdir = val1prefix
+        self.init(val1dir)
+        self.build()
+        self.install(use_destdir=False)
+        self.new_builddir()
+
+        env1 = {}
+        env1['PKG_CONFIG_PATH'] = os.path.join(val1prefix, self.libdir, 'pkgconfig')
+        val2dir = os.path.join(self.unit_test_dir, '76 pkgconfig prefixes', 'val2')
+        val2prefix = os.path.join(oldinstalldir, 'val2')
+        self.prefix = val2prefix
+        self.installdir = val2prefix
+        self.init(val2dir, override_envvars=env1)
+        self.build()
+        self.install(use_destdir=False)
+        self.new_builddir()
+
+        # Build, install, and run the client program
+        env2 = {}
+        env2['PKG_CONFIG_PATH'] = os.path.join(val2prefix, self.libdir, 'pkgconfig')
+        testdir = os.path.join(self.unit_test_dir, '76 pkgconfig prefixes', 'client')
+        testprefix = os.path.join(oldinstalldir, 'client')
+        self.prefix = testprefix
+        self.installdir = testprefix
+        self.init(testdir, override_envvars=env2)
+        self.build()
+        self.install(use_destdir=False)
+        prog = os.path.join(self.installdir, 'bin', 'client')
+        env3 = {}
+        if is_cygwin():
+          env3['PATH'] = os.path.join(val1prefix, 'bin') + \
+                        os.pathsep + \
+                        os.path.join(val2prefix, 'bin') + \
+                        os.pathsep + os.environ['PATH']
+        out = self._run([prog], override_envvars=env3).strip()
+        # Expected output is val1 + val2 = 3
+        self.assertEqual(out, '3')
+
     def install_subdir_invalid_symlinks(self, testdir, subdir_path):
         '''
         Test that installation of broken symlinks works fine.
diff --git a/test cases/unit/40 external, internal library rpath/built library/meson.build b/test cases/unit/40 external, internal library rpath/built library/meson.build
index f63399659..07fe7bb2b 100644
--- a/test cases/unit/40 external, internal library rpath/built library/meson.build	
+++ b/test cases/unit/40 external, internal library rpath/built library/meson.build	
@@ -18,4 +18,9 @@ l = shared_library('bar_built', 'bar.c',
 if host_machine.system() == 'darwin'
   e = executable('prog', 'prog.c', link_with: l, install: true)
   test('testprog', e)
+elif host_machine.system() == 'linux'
+  e = executable('prog', 'prog.c', link_with: l, install: true,
+        install_rpath: '$ORIGIN/..' / get_option('libdir'),
+      )
+  test('testprog', e)
 endif
diff --git a/test cases/unit/40 external, internal library rpath/external library/meson.build b/test cases/unit/40 external, internal library rpath/external library/meson.build
index 3c311f592..06ffa0f72 100644
--- a/test cases/unit/40 external, internal library rpath/external library/meson.build	
+++ b/test cases/unit/40 external, internal library rpath/external library/meson.build	
@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ shared_library('foo_in_system', 'foo.c', install : true)
 l = shared_library('faa_pkg', 'faa.c', install: true)
 
 if host_machine.system() == 'darwin'
-  frameworks = ['-framework', 'CoreFoundation', '-framework', 'CoreMedia']
+  ldflags = ['-framework', 'CoreFoundation', '-framework', 'CoreMedia']
   allow_undef_args = ['-Wl,-undefined,dynamic_lookup']
 else
-  frameworks = []
+  ldflags = ['-Wl,-rpath,${libdir}']
   allow_undef_args = []
 endif
 
 pkg = import('pkgconfig')
 pkg.generate(name: 'faa_pkg',
-             libraries: [l] + frameworks,
+             libraries: [l] + ldflags,
              description: 'FAA, a pkg-config test library')
 
 # cygwin DLLs can't have undefined symbols
diff --git a/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/client/client.c b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/client/client.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be9beadb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/client/client.c	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <val2.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  printf("%d\n", val2());
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/client/meson.build b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/client/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..491937b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/client/meson.build	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+project('client', 'c')
+val2_dep = dependency('val2')
+executable('client', 'client.c', dependencies : [val2_dep], install: true)
diff --git a/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val1/meson.build b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val1/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc63e3143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val1/meson.build	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+project('val1', 'c')
+val1 = shared_library('val1', 'val1.c', install: true)
+install_headers('val1.h')
+pkgconfig = import('pkgconfig')
+pkgconfig.generate(val1, libraries : ['-Wl,-rpath,${libdir}'])
diff --git a/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val1/val1.c b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val1/val1.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..591e52162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val1/val1.c	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "val1.h"
+
+int val1(void) { return 1; }
diff --git a/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val1/val1.h b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val1/val1.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6bd435eb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val1/val1.h	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+int val1(void);
diff --git a/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val2/meson.build b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val2/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce69481ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val2/meson.build	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+project('val2', 'c')
+val1_dep = dependency('val1')
+val2 = shared_library('val2', 'val2.c',
+  dependencies : [val1_dep],
+  install: true)
+install_headers('val2.h')
+pkgconfig = import('pkgconfig')
+pkgconfig.generate(val2, libraries : ['-Wl,-rpath,${libdir}'])
diff --git a/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val2/val2.c b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val2/val2.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7d485730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val2/val2.c	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#include "val1.h"
+#include "val2.h"
+
+int val2(void) { return val1() + 2; }
diff --git a/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val2/val2.h b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val2/val2.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..995023da2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test cases/unit/76 pkgconfig prefixes/val2/val2.h	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+int val2(void);