diff --git a/data/test.schema.json b/data/test.schema.json
index fc84d860f..1bcefea26 100644
--- a/data/test.schema.json
+++ b/data/test.schema.json
@@ -147,6 +147,12 @@
       "items": {
         "type": "string"
       }
+    },
+    "skip_on_os": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "string"
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/docs/markdown/Contributing.md b/docs/markdown/Contributing.md
index 77981d795..474f88005 100644
--- a/docs/markdown/Contributing.md
+++ b/docs/markdown/Contributing.md
@@ -390,6 +390,14 @@ for whatever reason).
 
 The test is failed if it skips or runs unexpectedly.
 
+#### skip_on_os
+
+The `skip_on_os` key can be used to specify a list of OS names (or their
+negations, prefixed with a `!`).  If at least one item in the `skip_on_os` list
+is matched, the test is expected to be skipped.
+
+The test is failed if it skips or runs unexpectedly.
+
 ### Skipping integration tests
 
 Meson uses several continuous integration testing systems that have
diff --git a/run_project_tests.py b/run_project_tests.py
index 73e85fa5f..ec356c43b 100755
--- a/run_project_tests.py
+++ b/run_project_tests.py
@@ -779,6 +779,17 @@ def load_test_json(t: TestDef, stdout_mandatory: bool) -> T.List[TestDef]:
     else:
         skip_expected = False
 
+    # Test is expected to skip if os matches
+    if 'skip_on_os' in test_def:
+        mesonenv = environment.Environment(None, None, get_fake_options('/'))
+        for skip_os in test_def['skip_on_os']:
+            if skip_os.startswith('!'):
+                if mesonenv.machines.host.system != skip_os[1:]:
+                    skip_expected = True
+            else:
+                if mesonenv.machines.host.system == skip_os:
+                    skip_expected = True
+
     # Skip the matrix code and just update the existing test
     if 'matrix' not in test_def:
         t.env.update(env)