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meson/docs/markdown/Porting-from-autotools.md

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doc: Capitalize things more consistently. Upper or lower case depending on the official spelling, or the more consistent usage.
8 years ago
# Porting from Autotools
docs: Import the website and wiki and build with hotdoc This allows us to more easily have the documentation in sync with the source code as people will have to document new features etc right at the time where they implement it.
8 years ago
doc: Capitalize things more consistently. Upper or lower case depending on the official spelling, or the more consistent usage.
8 years ago
This page uses [AppStream-glib](https://github.com/hughsie/appstream-glib/) as an example project. AppStream-Glib contains some libraries, GObject Introspection data, tests, man pages, i18n, bash-completion with optional flags to build/notbuild support for some things.
docs: Import the website and wiki and build with hotdoc This allows us to more easily have the documentation in sync with the source code as people will have to document new features etc right at the time where they implement it.
8 years ago
Meson comes with a helper script `ac_converter` that you can use to convert the basic autoconf checks for your project.
## Configure.ac
First let's look at `configure.ac` and write the same in `meson.build`.
```autoconf
AC_PREREQ(2.63)
```
Meson doesn't provide the same function, so just ignore this.
### Defining variables
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
m4_define([as_major_version], [0])
m4_define([as_minor_version], [3])
m4_define([as_micro_version], [6])
m4_define([as_version],
[as_major_version.as_minor_version.as_micro_version])
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
as_version = meson.project_version() # set in project() below
ver_arr = as_version.split('.')
as_major_version = ver_arr[0]
as_minor_version = ver_arr[1]
as_micro_version = ver_arr[2]
```
### Initializing project and setting compilers
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
AC_INIT([appstream-glib],[as_version])
AC_PROG_CC
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
project('appstream-glib', 'c', version : '0.3.6')
```
Note that this must be the first line of your `meson.build` file.
### AC_SUBST
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
AC_SUBST(AS_MAJOR_VERSION)
AC_SUBST(AS_MINOR_VERSION)
AC_SUBST(AS_MICRO_VERSION)
AC_SUBST(AS_VERSION)
```
You don't need to do the same in Meson, because it does not have two different types of files (Makefile, configure).
### Auto headers
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
conf = configuration_data()
# Surround the version in quotes to make it a C string
conf.set_quoted('VERSION', as_version)
configure_file(output : 'config.h',
configuration : conf)
```
Meson doesn't support autoheaders, you need to manually specify what do you want to see in header file, write `configuration_data()` object and use `configure_file()`.
You can also substitute variables of type `@SOME_VAR@` with configure data. The details are on the [configuration page](Configuration.md).
### Finding programs
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
AC_PATH_PROG(GPERF, [gperf], [no])
if test x$GPERF != xno ; then
AC_DEFINE(HAVE_GPERF,[1], [Use gperf])
fi
AM_CONDITIONAL(HAVE_GPERF, [test x$GPERF != xno])
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
gperf = find_program('gperf', required : false)
if gperf.found()
conf.set('HAVE_GPERF', 1)
endif
```
### Finding pkgconfig modules
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
PKG_CHECK_MODULES(SOUP, libsoup-2.4 >= 2.24)
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
soup = dependency('libsoup-2.4', version : '>= 2.24')
```
### Arguments
`configure.ac`:
```autoconf
AC_ARG_ENABLE(dep11, AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-dep11],[enable DEP-11]),
enable_dep11=$enableval,enable_dep11=yes)
AM_CONDITIONAL(HAVE_DEP11, test x$enable_dep11 = xyes)
if test x$enable_dep11 = xyes; then
AC_CHECK_HEADER(yaml.h, [], [AC_MSG_ERROR([No yaml.h])])
YAML_LIBS="-lyaml"
AC_SUBST(YAML_LIBS)
AC_DEFINE(AS_BUILD_DEP11,1,[Build DEP-11 code])
fi
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
if get_option('enable-dep11')
yaml = dependency('yaml-0.1')
conf.set('AS_BUILD_DEP11', 1)
else
yaml = dependency('yaml-0.1', required : false)
endif
```
`meson_options.txt`:
```meson
option('enable-dep11', type : 'boolean', value : true, description : 'enable DEP-11')
```
## Makefile.am
Next step is `Makefile.am`. In meson you don't need to have other file, you still use `meson.build`.
### Sub directories
`Makefile.am`:
```make
SUBDIRS = \
libappstream-glib
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
subdir('libappstream-glib')
```
### *CLEANFILES, EXTRA_DIST, etc.
`Makefile.am`:
```make
DISTCLEANFILES = \
appstream-glib-*.tar.xz
MAINTAINERCLEANFILES = \
*~ \
ABOUT-NLS \
aclocal.m4 \
ChangeLog \
compile \
config.guess \
config.h.* \
config.rpath
EXTRA_DIST = \
COPYING \
MAINTAINERS \
AUTHORS \
README.md \
NEWS \
autogen.sh \
config.h
```
In Meson you don't need have `*CLEANFILES`, because in meson you are building in temporary directory (usually called `build`), you manually removing it. You also not need to use `EXTRA_DIST`, because you will make tarballs via `git archive` or something like this.
### glib-compile-resources
`Makefile.am`:
```make
as-resources.c: appstream-glib.gresource.xml \
as-stock-icons.txt \
as-license-ids.txt \
as-blacklist-ids.txt \
as-category-ids.txt \
as-environment-ids.txt
$(AM_V_GEN) \
glib-compile-resources \
--sourcedir=$(srcdir) \
--sourcedir=$(top_builddir)/data \
--target=$@ \
--generate-source \
--c-name as \
$(srcdir)/appstream-glib.gresource.xml
as-resources.h: appstream-glib.gresource.xml \
as-stock-icons.txt \
as-license-ids.txt \
as-blacklist-ids.txt \
as-category-ids.txt \
as-environment-ids.txt
$(AM_V_GEN) \
glib-compile-resources \
--sourcedir=$(srcdir) \
--sourcedir=$(top_builddir)/data \
--target=$@ \
--generate-header \
--c-name as \
$(srcdir)/appstream-glib.gresource.xml
BUILT_SOURCES = \
as-resources.c \
as-resources.h
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
asresources = gnome.compile_resources(
'as-resources', 'appstream-glib.gresource.xml',
source_dir : '.',
c_name : 'as')
```
### Headers
`Makefile.am`:
```make
libappstream_glib_includedir = $(includedir)/libappstream-glib
libappstream_glib_include_HEADERS = \
appstream-glib.h \
as-app.h \
as-bundle.h \
as-enums.h \
as-icon.h \
as-image.h \
as-inf.h \
as-node.h \
as-problem.h \
as-provide.h \
as-release.h \
as-screenshot.h \
as-store.h \
as-tag.h \
as-utils.h \
as-version.h
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
headers = [
'appstream-glib.h',
'as-app.h',
'as-bundle.h',
'as-enums.h',
'as-icon.h',
'as-image.h',
'as-inf.h',
'as-node.h',
'as-problem.h',
'as-provide.h',
'as-release.h',
'as-screenshot.h',
'as-store.h',
'as-tag.h',
'as-utils.h',
'as-version.h']
install_headers(headers, subdir : 'libappstream-glib')
```
### Libraries
`Makefile.am`:
```make
lib_LTLIBRARIES = \
libappstream-glib.la
libappstream_glib_la_SOURCES = \
as-app.c \
as-app-desktop.c \
as-app-inf.c \
as-app-private.h \
as-app-validate.c \
as-bundle.c \
as-bundle-private.h \
as-cleanup.h \
as-enums.c \
as-icon.c \
as-icon-private.h \
as-image.c \
as-image-private.h \
as-inf.c \
as-inf.h \
as-node.c \
as-node-private.h \
as-problem.c \
as-problem.h \
as-provide.c \
as-provide-private.h \
as-release.c \
as-release-private.h \
as-resources.c \
as-resources.h \
as-screenshot.c \
as-screenshot-private.h \
as-store.c \
as-tag.c \
as-utils.c \
as-utils-private.h \
as-version.h \
as-yaml.c \
as-yaml.h
libappstream_glib_la_LIBADD = \
$(GLIB_LIBS) \
$(GDKPIXBUF_LIBS) \
$(LIBARCHIVE_LIBS) \
$(SOUP_LIBS) \
$(YAML_LIBS)
libappstream_glib_la_LDFLAGS = \
-version-info $(LT_CURRENT):$(LT_REVISION):$(LT_AGE) \
-export-dynamic \
-no-undefined \
-export-symbols-regex '^as_.*'
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
sources = [
'as-app.c',
'as-app-desktop.c',
'as-app-inf.c',
'as-app-private.h',
'as-app-validate.c',
'as-bundle.c',
'as-bundle-private.h',
'as-cleanup.h',
'as-enums.c',
'as-icon.c',
'as-icon-private.h',
'as-image.c',
'as-image-private.h',
'as-inf.c',
'as-inf.h',
'as-node.c',
'as-node-private.h',
'as-problem.c',
'as-problem.h',
'as-provide.c',
'as-provide-private.h',
'as-release.c',
'as-release-private.h',
asresources,
'as-screenshot.c',
'as-screenshot-private.h',
'as-store.c',
'as-tag.c',
'as-utils.c',
'as-utils-private.h',
'as-version.h',
'as-yaml.c',
'as-yaml.h']
deps = [glib, gdkpixbuf, libarchive, soup, yaml]
mapfile = 'appstream-glib.map'
vflag = '-Wl,--version-script,@0@/@1@'.format(meson.current_source_dir(), mapfile)
asglib = shared_library(
'appstream-glib', sources,
soversion : lt_current,
version : lt_version,
dependencies : deps,
include_directories : include_directories('@0@/..'.format(meson.current_build_dir())),
link_args : ['-Wl,--no-undefined', vflag],
link_depends : mapfile,
install : true)
```
`appstream-glib.map`:
```
{
global:
as_*;
local:
*;
};
```
### Custom targets
`Makefile.am`:
```make
if HAVE_GPERF
as-tag-private.h: as-tag.gperf
$(AM_V_GEN) gperf < $< > $@
libappstream_glib_la_SOURCES += as-tag-private.h
BUILT_SOURCES += as-tag-private.h
endif
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
if gperf.found()
astagpriv = custom_target('gperf as-tag',
output : 'as-tag-private.h',
input : 'as-tag.gperf',
command : [gperf, '@INPUT@', '--output-file', '@OUTPUT@'])
sources = sources + [astagpriv]
endif
```
### Global CFLAGS
`Makefile.am`:
```make
AM_CPPFLAGS = \
-DAS_COMPILATION \
-DLOCALSTATEDIR=\""$(localstatedir)"\" \
-DG_LOG_DOMAIN=\"As\"
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
add_global_arguments('-DG_LOG_DOMAIN="As"', language : 'c')
add_global_arguments('-DAS_COMPILATION', language : 'c')
add_global_arguments('-DLOCALSTATEDIR="/var"', language : 'c')
```
### Tests
`Makefile.am`:
```make
check_PROGRAMS = \
as-self-test
as_self_test_SOURCES = \
as-self-test.c
as_self_test_LDADD = \
$(GLIB_LIBS) \
$(GDKPIXBUF_LIBS) \
$(LIBARCHIVE_LIBS) \
$(SOUP_LIBS) \
$(YAML_LIBS) \
$(lib_LTLIBRARIES)
as_self_test_CFLAGS = -DTESTDATADIR=\""$(top_srcdir)/data/tests"\"
TESTS = as-self-test
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
selftest = executable(
'as-self-test', 'as-self-test.c',
include_directories : include_directories('@0@/..'.format(meson.current_build_dir())),
dependencies : deps,
c_args : '-DTESTDATADIR="@0@/../data/tests"'.format(meson.current_source_dir()),
link_with : asglib)
test('as-self-test', selftest)
```
### GObject Introspection
`Makefile.am`:
```make
introspection_sources = \
as-app.c \
as-app-validate.c \
as-app.h \
as-bundle.c \
as-bundle.h \
as-enums.c \
as-enums.h \
as-icon.c \
as-icon.h \
as-image.c \
as-image.h \
as-inf.c \
as-inf.h \
as-node.c \
as-node.h \
as-problem.c \
as-problem.h \
as-provide.c \
as-provide.h \
as-release.c \
as-release.h \
as-screenshot.c \
as-screenshot.h \
as-store.c \
as-store.h \
as-tag.c \
as-tag.h \
as-utils.c \
as-utils.h \
as-version.h
AppStreamGlib-1.0.gir: libappstream-glib.la
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_INCLUDES = GObject-2.0 Gio-2.0 GdkPixbuf-2.0
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_CFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS)
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_SCANNERFLAGS = --identifier-prefix=As \
--symbol-prefix=as_ \
--warn-all \
--add-include-path=$(srcdir)
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_EXPORT_PACKAGES = appstream-glib
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_LIBS = libappstream-glib.la
AppStreamGlib_1_0_gir_FILES = $(introspection_sources)
INTROSPECTION_GIRS += AppStreamGlib-1.0.gir
girdir = $(datadir)/gir-1.0
gir_DATA = $(INTROSPECTION_GIRS)
typelibdir = $(libdir)/girepository-1.0
typelib_DATA = $(INTROSPECTION_GIRS:.gir=.typelib)
CLEANFILES += $(gir_DATA) $(typelib_DATA)
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
introspection_sources = [
'as-app.c',
'as-app-validate.c',
'as-app.h',
'as-bundle.c',
'as-bundle.h',
'as-enums.c',
'as-enums.h',
'as-icon.c',
'as-icon.h',
'as-image.c',
'as-image.h',
'as-inf.c',
'as-inf.h',
'as-node.c',
'as-node.h',
'as-problem.c',
'as-problem.h',
'as-provide.c',
'as-provide.h',
'as-release.c',
'as-release.h',
'as-screenshot.c',
'as-screenshot.h',
'as-store.c',
'as-store.h',
'as-tag.c',
'as-tag.h',
'as-utils.c',
'as-utils.h']
'as-version.h']
gnome.generate_gir(asglib,
sources : introspection_sources,
nsversion : '1.0',
namespace : 'AppStreamGlib',
symbol_prefix : 'as_',
identifier_prefix : 'As',
export_packages : 'appstream-glib',
includes : ['GObject-2.0', 'Gio-2.0', 'GdkPixbuf-2.0'],
install : true
)
```
### GSettings
`configure.ac`:
```sh
GLIB_GSETTINGS
```
`Makefile.am`:
```make
gsettings_SCHEMAS = foo.gschema.xml
@GSETTINGS_RULES@
```
`meson.build`:
```meson
install_data('foo.gschema.xml', install_dir: join_paths(get_option('datadir'), 'glib-2.0', 'schemas'))
meson.add_install_script('meson_post_install.py')
```
`meson_post_install.py`:
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import subprocess
schemadir = os.path.join(os.environ['MESON_INSTALL_PREFIX'], 'share', 'glib-2.0', 'schemas')
if not os.environ.get('DESTDIR'):
print('Compiling gsettings schemas...')
subprocess.call(['glib-compile-schemas', schemadir])
```