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---
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short-description: Setting up native compilation
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...
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# Persistent native environments
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New in 0.49.0
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Meson has [cross files for describing cross compilation environments](Cross-compilation.md),
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for describing native environments it has equivalent "native files".
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Natives describe the *build machine*, and can be used to override properties of
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non-cross builds, as well as properties that are marked as "native" in a cross
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build.
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There are a couple of reasons you might want to use a native file to keep a
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persistent environment:
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* To build with a non-default native tool chain (such as clang instead of gcc)
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* To use a non-default version of another binary, such as yacc, or llvm-config
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## Changing native file settings
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All of the rules about cross files and changed settings apply to native files
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as well, see [here](Cross-compilation.md#changing-cross-file-settings)
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## Defining the environment
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### Binaries
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Currently the only use of native files is to override native binaries. This
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includes the compilers and binaries collected with `find_program`, and those
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used by dependencies that use a config-tool instead of pkgconfig for detection,
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like `llvm-config`
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```ini
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[binaries]
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c = '/usr/local/bin/clang'
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cpp = '/usr/local/bin/clang++'
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rust = '/usr/local/bin/rust'
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ld = 'gold'
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llvm-config = '/usr/local/llvm-svn/bin/llvm-config'
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```
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### Paths and Directories
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As of 0.50.0 paths and directories such as libdir can be defined in the native
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file in a paths section
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```ini
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[paths]
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libdir = 'mylibdir'
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prefix = '/my prefix'
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```
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These values will only be loaded when not cross compiling. Any arguments on the
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command line will override any options in the native file. For example, passing
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`--libdir=otherlibdir` would result in a prefix of `/my prefix` and a libdir of
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`otherlibdir`.
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## Loading multiple native files
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Native files allow layering (cross files can be layered since meson 0.52.0).
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More than one native file can be loaded, with values from a previous file being
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overridden by the next. The intention of this is not overriding, but to allow
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composing native files.
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For example, if there is a project using C and C++, python 3.4-3.7, and LLVM
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5-7, and it needs to build with clang 5, 6, and 7, and gcc 5.x, 6.x, and 7.x;
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expressing all of these configurations in monolithic configurations would
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result in 81 different native files. By layering them, it can be expressed by
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just 12 native files.
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## Native file locations
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Like cross files, native files may be installed to user or system wide
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locations, defined as:
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- $XDG_DATA_DIRS/meson/native
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(/usr/local/share/meson/native:/usr/share/meson/native if $XDG_DATA_DIRS is
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undefined)
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- $XDG_DATA_HOME/meson/native ($HOME/.local/share/meson/native if
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$XDG_DATA_HOME is undefined)
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The order of locations tried is as follows:
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- A file relative to the local dir
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- The user local location
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- The system wide locations in order
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These files are not intended to be shipped by distributions, unless they are
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specifically for distribution packaging, they are mainly intended for
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developers.
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