This aims to resolve segfaults encountered when rebuilding ARM64 PHP Docker images. This segfaults came from gcc during ARM64 builds using QEMU. To workaround this problem, the PHP Docker images have been restructured to use apt-get for installation, thereby avoiding the use of gcc. This also needed to upgrade Debian and PHP to their latest versions, aligning with our minimum supported PHP 8.
Closes#37895
PiperOrigin-RevId: 686162640