Use the latest golang base image for Go interop tests. Presently the latest image points to Go 1.22.
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## Commands run
To render the Dockerfile from its template
```sh
$ tools/buildgen/generate_projects.sh
```
To build and upload the base docker image.
```sh
$ tools/dockerfile/push_testing_images.sh
```
To build and upload the interop docker image for grpc-go 1.64.0
```sh
$ tools/interop_matrix/create_matrix_images.py --git_checkout --release=v1.64.0 --upload_images --language go
```
To verify the image is uploaded
```sh
$ gcloud container images list-tags gcr.io/grpc-testing/grpc_interop_go1.x
DIGEST TAGS TIMESTAMP
b36be4961ec4 infrastructure-public-image-v1.64.0,v1.64.0 2024-06-03T22:26:48
```
Verify the backward compatability tests pass
```sh
$ export docker_image=gcr.io/grpc-testing/grpc_interop_go1.x:v1.64.0
$ tools/interop_matrix/testcases/go__master
Testing gcr.io/grpc-testing/grpc_interop_go1.x:v1.64.0
```
Fixes: https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/36060Closes#36755
PiperOrigin-RevId: 641272572
Arjan Singh Bal