#!/usr/bin/env python # Copyright 2020 gRPC authors. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """Run xDS integration tests on GCP using Traffic Director.""" import argparse import googleapiclient.discovery import grpc import logging import os import random import shlex import socket import subprocess import sys import tempfile import time from oauth2client.client import GoogleCredentials import python_utils.jobset as jobset import python_utils.report_utils as report_utils from src.proto.grpc.testing import messages_pb2 from src.proto.grpc.testing import test_pb2_grpc logger = logging.getLogger() console_handler = logging.StreamHandler() formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt='%(asctime)s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s') console_handler.setFormatter(formatter) logger.handlers = [] logger.addHandler(console_handler) logger.setLevel(logging.WARNING) _TEST_CASES = [ 'backends_restart', 'change_backend_service', 'new_instance_group_receives_traffic', 'ping_pong', 'remove_instance_group', 'round_robin', 'secondary_locality_gets_no_requests_on_partial_primary_failure', 'secondary_locality_gets_requests_on_primary_failure', 'traffic_splitting', ] def parse_test_cases(arg): if arg == 'all': return _TEST_CASES if arg == '': return [] test_cases = arg.split(',') if all([test_case in _TEST_CASES for test_case in test_cases]): return test_cases raise Exception('Failed to parse test cases %s' % arg) def parse_port_range(port_arg): try: port = int(port_arg) return range(port, port + 1) except: port_min, port_max = port_arg.split(':') return range(int(port_min), int(port_max) + 1) argp = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Run xDS interop tests on GCP') argp.add_argument('--project_id', help='GCP project id') argp.add_argument( '--gcp_suffix', default='', help='Optional suffix for all generated GCP resource names. Useful to ' 'ensure distinct names across test runs.') argp.add_argument( '--test_case', default='ping_pong', type=parse_test_cases, help='Comma-separated list of test cases to run, or \'all\' to run every ' 'test. Available tests: %s' % ' '.join(_TEST_CASES)) argp.add_argument( '--bootstrap_file', default='', help='File to reference via GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP. Disables built-in ' 'bootstrap generation') argp.add_argument( '--client_cmd', default=None, help='Command to launch xDS test client. {server_uri}, {stats_port} and ' '{qps} references will be replaced using str.format(). GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP ' 'will be set for the command') argp.add_argument('--zone', default='us-central1-a') argp.add_argument('--secondary_zone', default='us-west1-b', help='Zone to use for secondary TD locality tests') argp.add_argument('--qps', default=100, type=int, help='Client QPS') argp.add_argument( '--wait_for_backend_sec', default=1200, type=int, help='Time limit for waiting for created backend services to report ' 'healthy when launching or updated GCP resources') argp.add_argument( '--use_existing_gcp_resources', default=False, action='store_true', help= 'If set, find and use already created GCP resources instead of creating new' ' ones.') argp.add_argument( '--keep_gcp_resources', default=False, action='store_true', help= 'Leave GCP VMs and configuration running after test. Default behavior is ' 'to delete when tests complete.') argp.add_argument( '--compute_discovery_document', default=None, type=str, help= 'If provided, uses this file instead of retrieving via the GCP discovery ' 'API') argp.add_argument( '--alpha_compute_discovery_document', default=None, type=str, help='If provided, uses this file instead of retrieving via the alpha GCP ' 'discovery API') argp.add_argument('--network', default='global/networks/default', help='GCP network to use') argp.add_argument('--service_port_range', default='8080:8110', type=parse_port_range, help='Listening port for created gRPC backends. Specified as ' 'either a single int or as a range in the format min:max, in ' 'which case an available port p will be chosen s.t. min <= p ' '<= max') argp.add_argument( '--stats_port', default=8079, type=int, help='Local port for the client process to expose the LB stats service') argp.add_argument('--xds_server', default='trafficdirector.googleapis.com:443', help='xDS server') argp.add_argument('--source_image', default='projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-9', help='Source image for VMs created during the test') argp.add_argument('--path_to_server_binary', default=None, type=str, help='If set, the server binary must already be pre-built on ' 'the specified source image') argp.add_argument('--machine_type', default='e2-standard-2', help='Machine type for VMs created during the test') argp.add_argument( '--instance_group_size', default=2, type=int, help='Number of VMs to create per instance group. Certain test cases (e.g., ' 'round_robin) may not give meaningful results if this is set to a value ' 'less than 2.') argp.add_argument('--verbose', help='verbose log output', default=False, action='store_true') # TODO(ericgribkoff) Remove this param once the sponge-formatted log files are # visible in all test environments. argp.add_argument('--log_client_output', help='Log captured client output', default=False, action='store_true') argp.add_argument('--only_stable_gcp_apis', help='Do not use alpha compute APIs', default=False, action='store_true') args = argp.parse_args() if args.verbose: logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) _DEFAULT_SERVICE_PORT = 80 _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC = args.wait_for_backend_sec _WAIT_FOR_OPERATION_SEC = 300 _INSTANCE_GROUP_SIZE = args.instance_group_size _NUM_TEST_RPCS = 10 * args.qps _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC = 180 _WAIT_FOR_VALID_CONFIG_SEC = 60 _WAIT_FOR_URL_MAP_PATCH_SEC = 300 _CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_SEC = 60 _GCP_API_RETRIES = 5 _BOOTSTRAP_TEMPLATE = """ {{ "node": {{ "id": "{node_id}", "metadata": {{ "TRAFFICDIRECTOR_NETWORK_NAME": "%s" }}, "locality": {{ "zone": "%s" }} }}, "xds_servers": [{{ "server_uri": "%s", "channel_creds": [ {{ "type": "google_default", "config": {{}} }} ] }}] }}""" % (args.network.split('/')[-1], args.zone, args.xds_server) # TODO(ericgribkoff) Add change_backend_service to this list once TD no longer # sends an update with no localities when adding the MIG to the backend service # can race with the URL map patch. _TESTS_TO_FAIL_ON_RPC_FAILURE = [ 'new_instance_group_receives_traffic', 'ping_pong', 'round_robin' ] _TESTS_USING_SECONDARY_IG = [ 'secondary_locality_gets_no_requests_on_partial_primary_failure', 'secondary_locality_gets_requests_on_primary_failure' ] _USE_SECONDARY_IG = any( [t in args.test_case for t in _TESTS_USING_SECONDARY_IG]) _PATH_MATCHER_NAME = 'path-matcher' _BASE_TEMPLATE_NAME = 'test-template' _BASE_INSTANCE_GROUP_NAME = 'test-ig' _BASE_HEALTH_CHECK_NAME = 'test-hc' _BASE_FIREWALL_RULE_NAME = 'test-fw-rule' _BASE_BACKEND_SERVICE_NAME = 'test-backend-service' _BASE_URL_MAP_NAME = 'test-map' _BASE_SERVICE_HOST = 'grpc-test' _BASE_TARGET_PROXY_NAME = 'test-target-proxy' _BASE_FORWARDING_RULE_NAME = 'test-forwarding-rule' _TEST_LOG_BASE_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), '../../reports') _SPONGE_LOG_NAME = 'sponge_log.log' _SPONGE_XML_NAME = 'sponge_log.xml' def get_client_stats(num_rpcs, timeout_sec): with grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:%d' % args.stats_port) as channel: stub = test_pb2_grpc.LoadBalancerStatsServiceStub(channel) request = messages_pb2.LoadBalancerStatsRequest() request.num_rpcs = num_rpcs request.timeout_sec = timeout_sec rpc_timeout = timeout_sec + _CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_SEC response = stub.GetClientStats(request, wait_for_ready=True, timeout=rpc_timeout) logger.debug('Invoked GetClientStats RPC: %s', response) return response def _verify_rpcs_to_given_backends(backends, timeout_sec, num_rpcs, allow_failures): start_time = time.time() error_msg = None logger.debug('Waiting for %d sec until backends %s receive load' % (timeout_sec, backends)) while time.time() - start_time <= timeout_sec: error_msg = None stats = get_client_stats(num_rpcs, timeout_sec) rpcs_by_peer = stats.rpcs_by_peer for backend in backends: if backend not in rpcs_by_peer: error_msg = 'Backend %s did not receive load' % backend break if not error_msg and len(rpcs_by_peer) > len(backends): error_msg = 'Unexpected backend received load: %s' % rpcs_by_peer if not allow_failures and stats.num_failures > 0: error_msg = '%d RPCs failed' % stats.num_failures if not error_msg: return raise Exception(error_msg) def wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends_or_fail(backends, timeout_sec, num_rpcs=_NUM_TEST_RPCS): _verify_rpcs_to_given_backends(backends, timeout_sec, num_rpcs, allow_failures=True) def wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(backends, timeout_sec, num_rpcs=_NUM_TEST_RPCS): _verify_rpcs_to_given_backends(backends, timeout_sec, num_rpcs, allow_failures=False) def compare_distributions(actual_distribution, expected_distribution, threshold): """Compare if two distributions are similar. Args: actual_distribution: A list of floats, contains the actual distribution. expected_distribution: A list of floats, contains the expected distribution. threshold: Number within [0,100], the threshold percentage by which the actual distribution can differ from the expected distribution. Returns: The similarity between the distributions as a boolean. Returns true if the actual distribution lies within the threshold of the expected distribution, false otherwise. Raises: ValueError: if threshold is not with in [0,100]. Exception: containing detailed error messages. """ if len(expected_distribution) != len(actual_distribution): raise Exception( 'Error: expected and actual distributions have different size (%d vs %d)' % (len(expected_distribution), len(actual_distribution))) if threshold < 0 or threshold > 100: raise ValueError('Value error: Threshold should be between 0 to 100') threshold_fraction = threshold / 100.0 for expected, actual in zip(expected_distribution, actual_distribution): if actual < (expected * (1 - threshold_fraction)): raise Exception("actual(%f) < expected(%f-%d%%)" % (actual, expected, threshold)) if actual > (expected * (1 + threshold_fraction)): raise Exception("actual(%f) > expected(%f+%d%%)" % (actual, expected, threshold)) return True def test_backends_restart(gcp, backend_service, instance_group): logger.info('Running test_backends_restart') instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) num_instances = len(instance_names) start_time = time.time() wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) stats = get_client_stats(_NUM_TEST_RPCS, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) try: resize_instance_group(gcp, instance_group, 0) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends_or_fail([], _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) finally: resize_instance_group(gcp, instance_group, num_instances) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, instance_group) new_instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(new_instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) new_stats = get_client_stats(_NUM_TEST_RPCS, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) original_distribution = list(stats.rpcs_by_peer.values()) original_distribution.sort() new_distribution = list(new_stats.rpcs_by_peer.values()) new_distribution.sort() threshold = 3 for i in range(len(original_distribution)): if abs(original_distribution[i] - new_distribution[i]) > threshold: raise Exception('Distributions do not match: ', stats, new_stats) def test_change_backend_service(gcp, original_backend_service, instance_group, alternate_backend_service, same_zone_instance_group): logger.info('Running test_change_backend_service') original_backend_instances = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) alternate_backend_instances = get_instance_names(gcp, same_zone_instance_group) patch_backend_instances(gcp, alternate_backend_service, [same_zone_instance_group]) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, original_backend_service, instance_group) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, alternate_backend_service, same_zone_instance_group) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(original_backend_instances, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) try: patch_url_map_backend_service(gcp, alternate_backend_service) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(alternate_backend_instances, _WAIT_FOR_URL_MAP_PATCH_SEC) finally: patch_url_map_backend_service(gcp, original_backend_service) patch_backend_instances(gcp, alternate_backend_service, []) def test_new_instance_group_receives_traffic(gcp, backend_service, instance_group, same_zone_instance_group): logger.info('Running test_new_instance_group_receives_traffic') instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) # TODO(ericgribkoff) Reduce this timeout. When running sequentially, this # occurs after patching the url map in test_change_backend_service, so we # need the extended timeout here as well. wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_URL_MAP_PATCH_SEC) try: patch_backend_instances(gcp, backend_service, [instance_group, same_zone_instance_group], balancing_mode='RATE') wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, instance_group) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, same_zone_instance_group) combined_instance_names = instance_names + get_instance_names( gcp, same_zone_instance_group) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(combined_instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) finally: patch_backend_instances(gcp, backend_service, [instance_group]) def test_ping_pong(gcp, backend_service, instance_group): logger.info('Running test_ping_pong') wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, instance_group) instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) def test_remove_instance_group(gcp, backend_service, instance_group, same_zone_instance_group): logger.info('Running test_remove_instance_group') try: patch_backend_instances(gcp, backend_service, [instance_group, same_zone_instance_group], balancing_mode='RATE') wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, instance_group) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, same_zone_instance_group) instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) same_zone_instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, same_zone_instance_group) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends( instance_names + same_zone_instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) patch_backend_instances(gcp, backend_service, [same_zone_instance_group], balancing_mode='RATE') wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(same_zone_instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) finally: patch_backend_instances(gcp, backend_service, [instance_group]) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) def test_round_robin(gcp, backend_service, instance_group): logger.info('Running test_round_robin') wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, instance_group) instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) threshold = 1 wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) stats = get_client_stats(_NUM_TEST_RPCS, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) requests_received = [stats.rpcs_by_peer[x] for x in stats.rpcs_by_peer] total_requests_received = sum(requests_received) if total_requests_received != _NUM_TEST_RPCS: raise Exception('Unexpected RPC failures', stats) expected_requests = total_requests_received / len(instance_names) for instance in instance_names: if abs(stats.rpcs_by_peer[instance] - expected_requests) > threshold: raise Exception( 'RPC peer distribution differs from expected by more than %d ' 'for instance %s (%s)', threshold, instance, stats) def test_secondary_locality_gets_no_requests_on_partial_primary_failure( gcp, backend_service, primary_instance_group, secondary_zone_instance_group): logger.info( 'Running test_secondary_locality_gets_no_requests_on_partial_primary_failure' ) try: patch_backend_instances( gcp, backend_service, [primary_instance_group, secondary_zone_instance_group]) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, primary_instance_group) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, secondary_zone_instance_group) primary_instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) secondary_instance_names = get_instance_names( gcp, secondary_zone_instance_group) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(primary_instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) original_size = len(primary_instance_names) resize_instance_group(gcp, primary_instance_group, original_size - 1) remaining_instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, primary_instance_group) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(remaining_instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) finally: patch_backend_instances(gcp, backend_service, [primary_instance_group]) resize_instance_group(gcp, primary_instance_group, original_size) def test_secondary_locality_gets_requests_on_primary_failure( gcp, backend_service, primary_instance_group, secondary_zone_instance_group): logger.info( 'Running test_secondary_locality_gets_requests_on_primary_failure') try: patch_backend_instances( gcp, backend_service, [primary_instance_group, secondary_zone_instance_group]) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, primary_instance_group) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, secondary_zone_instance_group) primary_instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) secondary_instance_names = get_instance_names( gcp, secondary_zone_instance_group) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(primary_instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) original_size = len(primary_instance_names) resize_instance_group(gcp, primary_instance_group, 0) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(secondary_instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) resize_instance_group(gcp, primary_instance_group, original_size) new_instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, primary_instance_group) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, primary_instance_group) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(new_instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) finally: patch_backend_instances(gcp, backend_service, [primary_instance_group]) def test_traffic_splitting(gcp, original_backend_service, instance_group, alternate_backend_service, same_zone_instance_group): # This test start with all traffic going to original_backend_service. Then # it updates URL-map to set default action to traffic splitting between # original and alternate. It waits for all backends in both services to # receive traffic, then verifies that weights are expected. logger.info('Running test_traffic_splitting') # The config validation for proxyless doesn't allow setting # default_route_action. To test traffic splitting, we need to set the # route action to weighted clusters. Disable validate # validate_for_proxyless for this test. This can be removed when # validation accepts default_route_action. logger.info('disabling validate_for_proxyless in target proxy') set_validate_for_proxyless(gcp, False) logger.info('waiting for original backends to become healthy') wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, original_backend_service, instance_group) patch_backend_instances(gcp, alternate_backend_service, [same_zone_instance_group]) logger.info('waiting for alternate to become healthy') wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, alternate_backend_service, same_zone_instance_group) original_backend_instances = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) logger.info('original backends instances: %s', original_backend_instances) alternate_backend_instances = get_instance_names(gcp, same_zone_instance_group) logger.info('alternate backends instances: %s', alternate_backend_instances) # Start with all traffic going to original_backend_service. logger.info('waiting for traffic to all go to original backends') wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(original_backend_instances, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) try: # Patch urlmap, change route action to traffic splitting between # original and alternate. logger.info('patching url map with traffic splitting') original_service_percentage, alternate_service_percentage = 20, 80 patch_url_map_backend_service( gcp, services_with_weights={ original_backend_service: original_service_percentage, alternate_backend_service: alternate_service_percentage, }) # Split percentage between instances: [20,80] -> [10,10,40,40]. expected_instance_percentage = [ original_service_percentage * 1.0 / len(original_backend_instances) ] * len(original_backend_instances) + [ alternate_service_percentage * 1.0 / len(alternate_backend_instances) ] * len(alternate_backend_instances) # Wait for traffic to go to both services. logger.info( 'waiting for traffic to go to all backends (including alternate)') wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends( original_backend_instances + alternate_backend_instances, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) # Verify that weights between two services are expected. retry_count = 10 # Each attempt takes about 10 seconds, 10 retries is equivalent to 100 # seconds timeout. for i in range(retry_count): stats = get_client_stats(_NUM_TEST_RPCS, _WAIT_FOR_STATS_SEC) got_instance_count = [ stats.rpcs_by_peer[i] for i in original_backend_instances ] + [stats.rpcs_by_peer[i] for i in alternate_backend_instances] total_count = sum(got_instance_count) got_instance_percentage = [ x * 100.0 / total_count for x in got_instance_count ] try: compare_distributions(got_instance_percentage, expected_instance_percentage, 5) except Exception as e: logger.info('attempt %d', i) logger.info('got percentage: %s', got_instance_percentage) logger.info('expected percentage: %s', expected_instance_percentage) logger.info(e) if i == retry_count - 1: raise Exception( 'RPC distribution (%s) differs from expected (%s)', got_instance_percentage, expected_instance_percentage) else: logger.info("success") break finally: patch_url_map_backend_service(gcp, original_backend_service) patch_backend_instances(gcp, alternate_backend_service, []) set_validate_for_proxyless(gcp, True) def get_startup_script(path_to_server_binary, service_port): if path_to_server_binary: return "nohup %s --port=%d 1>/dev/null &" % (path_to_server_binary, service_port) else: return """#!/bin/bash sudo apt update sudo apt install -y git default-jdk mkdir java_server pushd java_server git clone https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java.git pushd grpc-java pushd interop-testing ../gradlew installDist -x test -PskipCodegen=true -PskipAndroid=true nohup build/install/grpc-interop-testing/bin/xds-test-server \ --port=%d 1>/dev/null &""" % service_port def create_instance_template(gcp, name, network, source_image, machine_type, startup_script): config = { 'name': name, 'properties': { 'tags': { 'items': ['allow-health-checks'] }, 'machineType': machine_type, 'serviceAccounts': [{ 'email': 'default', 'scopes': ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform',] }], 'networkInterfaces': [{ 'accessConfigs': [{ 'type': 'ONE_TO_ONE_NAT' }], 'network': network }], 'disks': [{ 'boot': True, 'initializeParams': { 'sourceImage': source_image } }], 'metadata': { 'items': [{ 'key': 'startup-script', 'value': startup_script }] } } } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = gcp.compute.instanceTemplates().insert( project=gcp.project, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) gcp.instance_template = GcpResource(config['name'], result['targetLink']) def add_instance_group(gcp, zone, name, size): config = { 'name': name, 'instanceTemplate': gcp.instance_template.url, 'targetSize': size, 'namedPorts': [{ 'name': 'grpc', 'port': gcp.service_port }] } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = gcp.compute.instanceGroupManagers().insert( project=gcp.project, zone=zone, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_zone_operation(gcp, zone, result['name']) result = gcp.compute.instanceGroupManagers().get( project=gcp.project, zone=zone, instanceGroupManager=config['name']).execute( num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) instance_group = InstanceGroup(config['name'], result['instanceGroup'], zone) gcp.instance_groups.append(instance_group) wait_for_instance_group_to_reach_expected_size(gcp, instance_group, size, _WAIT_FOR_OPERATION_SEC) return instance_group def create_health_check(gcp, name): if gcp.alpha_compute: config = { 'name': name, 'type': 'GRPC', 'grpcHealthCheck': { 'portSpecification': 'USE_SERVING_PORT' } } compute_to_use = gcp.alpha_compute else: config = { 'name': name, 'type': 'TCP', 'tcpHealthCheck': { 'portName': 'grpc' } } compute_to_use = gcp.compute logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = compute_to_use.healthChecks().insert( project=gcp.project, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) gcp.health_check = GcpResource(config['name'], result['targetLink']) def create_health_check_firewall_rule(gcp, name): config = { 'name': name, 'direction': 'INGRESS', 'allowed': [{ 'IPProtocol': 'tcp' }], 'sourceRanges': ['35.191.0.0/16', '130.211.0.0/22'], 'targetTags': ['allow-health-checks'], } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = gcp.compute.firewalls().insert( project=gcp.project, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) gcp.health_check_firewall_rule = GcpResource(config['name'], result['targetLink']) def add_backend_service(gcp, name): if gcp.alpha_compute: protocol = 'GRPC' compute_to_use = gcp.alpha_compute else: protocol = 'HTTP2' compute_to_use = gcp.compute config = { 'name': name, 'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED', 'healthChecks': [gcp.health_check.url], 'portName': 'grpc', 'protocol': protocol } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = compute_to_use.backendServices().insert( project=gcp.project, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) backend_service = GcpResource(config['name'], result['targetLink']) gcp.backend_services.append(backend_service) return backend_service def create_url_map(gcp, name, backend_service, host_name): config = { 'name': name, 'defaultService': backend_service.url, 'pathMatchers': [{ 'name': _PATH_MATCHER_NAME, 'defaultService': backend_service.url, }], 'hostRules': [{ 'hosts': [host_name], 'pathMatcher': _PATH_MATCHER_NAME }] } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = gcp.compute.urlMaps().insert( project=gcp.project, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) gcp.url_map = GcpResource(config['name'], result['targetLink']) def patch_url_map_host_rule_with_port(gcp, name, backend_service, host_name): config = { 'hostRules': [{ 'hosts': ['%s:%d' % (host_name, gcp.service_port)], 'pathMatcher': _PATH_MATCHER_NAME }] } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = gcp.compute.urlMaps().patch( project=gcp.project, urlMap=name, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) def set_validate_for_proxyless(gcp, validate_for_proxyless): if not gcp.alpha_compute: logger.debug( 'Not setting validateForProxy because alpha is not enabled') return # This function deletes global_forwarding_rule and target_proxy, then # recreate target_proxy with validateForProxyless=False. This is necessary # because patching target_grpc_proxy isn't supported. delete_global_forwarding_rule(gcp) delete_target_proxy(gcp) create_target_proxy(gcp, gcp.target_proxy.name, validate_for_proxyless) create_global_forwarding_rule(gcp, gcp.global_forwarding_rule.name, [gcp.service_port]) def create_target_proxy(gcp, name, validate_for_proxyless=True): if gcp.alpha_compute: config = { 'name': name, 'url_map': gcp.url_map.url, 'validate_for_proxyless': validate_for_proxyless, } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = gcp.alpha_compute.targetGrpcProxies().insert( project=gcp.project, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) else: config = { 'name': name, 'url_map': gcp.url_map.url, } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = gcp.compute.targetHttpProxies().insert( project=gcp.project, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) gcp.target_proxy = GcpResource(config['name'], result['targetLink']) def create_global_forwarding_rule(gcp, name, potential_ports): if gcp.alpha_compute: compute_to_use = gcp.alpha_compute else: compute_to_use = gcp.compute for port in potential_ports: try: config = { 'name': name, 'loadBalancingScheme': 'INTERNAL_SELF_MANAGED', 'portRange': str(port), 'IPAddress': '0.0.0.0', 'network': args.network, 'target': gcp.target_proxy.url, } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = compute_to_use.globalForwardingRules().insert( project=gcp.project, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) gcp.global_forwarding_rule = GcpResource(config['name'], result['targetLink']) gcp.service_port = port return except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as http_error: logger.warning( 'Got error %s when attempting to create forwarding rule to ' '0.0.0.0:%d. Retrying with another port.' % (http_error, port)) def get_health_check(gcp, health_check_name): result = gcp.compute.healthChecks().get( project=gcp.project, healthCheck=health_check_name).execute() gcp.health_check = GcpResource(health_check_name, result['selfLink']) def get_health_check_firewall_rule(gcp, firewall_name): result = gcp.compute.firewalls().get(project=gcp.project, firewall=firewall_name).execute() gcp.health_check_firewall_rule = GcpResource(firewall_name, result['selfLink']) def get_backend_service(gcp, backend_service_name): result = gcp.compute.backendServices().get( project=gcp.project, backendService=backend_service_name).execute() backend_service = GcpResource(backend_service_name, result['selfLink']) gcp.backend_services.append(backend_service) return backend_service def get_url_map(gcp, url_map_name): result = gcp.compute.urlMaps().get(project=gcp.project, urlMap=url_map_name).execute() gcp.url_map = GcpResource(url_map_name, result['selfLink']) def get_target_proxy(gcp, target_proxy_name): if gcp.alpha_compute: result = gcp.alpha_compute.targetGrpcProxies().get( project=gcp.project, targetGrpcProxy=target_proxy_name).execute() else: result = gcp.compute.targetHttpProxies().get( project=gcp.project, targetHttpProxy=target_proxy_name).execute() gcp.target_proxy = GcpResource(target_proxy_name, result['selfLink']) def get_global_forwarding_rule(gcp, forwarding_rule_name): result = gcp.compute.globalForwardingRules().get( project=gcp.project, forwardingRule=forwarding_rule_name).execute() gcp.global_forwarding_rule = GcpResource(forwarding_rule_name, result['selfLink']) def get_instance_template(gcp, template_name): result = gcp.compute.instanceTemplates().get( project=gcp.project, instanceTemplate=template_name).execute() gcp.instance_template = GcpResource(template_name, result['selfLink']) def get_instance_group(gcp, zone, instance_group_name): result = gcp.compute.instanceGroups().get( project=gcp.project, zone=zone, instanceGroup=instance_group_name).execute() gcp.service_port = result['namedPorts'][0]['port'] instance_group = InstanceGroup(instance_group_name, result['selfLink'], zone) gcp.instance_groups.append(instance_group) return instance_group def delete_global_forwarding_rule(gcp): try: result = gcp.compute.globalForwardingRules().delete( project=gcp.project, forwardingRule=gcp.global_forwarding_rule.name).execute( num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as http_error: logger.info('Delete failed: %s', http_error) def delete_target_proxy(gcp): try: if gcp.alpha_compute: result = gcp.alpha_compute.targetGrpcProxies().delete( project=gcp.project, targetGrpcProxy=gcp.target_proxy.name).execute( num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) else: result = gcp.compute.targetHttpProxies().delete( project=gcp.project, targetHttpProxy=gcp.target_proxy.name).execute( num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as http_error: logger.info('Delete failed: %s', http_error) def delete_url_map(gcp): try: result = gcp.compute.urlMaps().delete( project=gcp.project, urlMap=gcp.url_map.name).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as http_error: logger.info('Delete failed: %s', http_error) def delete_backend_services(gcp): for backend_service in gcp.backend_services: try: result = gcp.compute.backendServices().delete( project=gcp.project, backendService=backend_service.name).execute( num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as http_error: logger.info('Delete failed: %s', http_error) def delete_firewall(gcp): try: result = gcp.compute.firewalls().delete( project=gcp.project, firewall=gcp.health_check_firewall_rule.name).execute( num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as http_error: logger.info('Delete failed: %s', http_error) def delete_health_check(gcp): try: result = gcp.compute.healthChecks().delete( project=gcp.project, healthCheck=gcp.health_check.name).execute( num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as http_error: logger.info('Delete failed: %s', http_error) def delete_instance_groups(gcp): for instance_group in gcp.instance_groups: try: result = gcp.compute.instanceGroupManagers().delete( project=gcp.project, zone=instance_group.zone, instanceGroupManager=instance_group.name).execute( num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_zone_operation(gcp, instance_group.zone, result['name'], timeout_sec=_WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as http_error: logger.info('Delete failed: %s', http_error) def delete_instance_template(gcp): try: result = gcp.compute.instanceTemplates().delete( project=gcp.project, instanceTemplate=gcp.instance_template.name).execute( num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as http_error: logger.info('Delete failed: %s', http_error) def patch_backend_instances(gcp, backend_service, instance_groups, balancing_mode='UTILIZATION'): if gcp.alpha_compute: compute_to_use = gcp.alpha_compute else: compute_to_use = gcp.compute config = { 'backends': [{ 'group': instance_group.url, 'balancingMode': balancing_mode, 'maxRate': 1 if balancing_mode == 'RATE' else None } for instance_group in instance_groups], } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = compute_to_use.backendServices().patch( project=gcp.project, backendService=backend_service.name, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name'], timeout_sec=_WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC) def resize_instance_group(gcp, instance_group, new_size, timeout_sec=_WAIT_FOR_OPERATION_SEC): result = gcp.compute.instanceGroupManagers().resize( project=gcp.project, zone=instance_group.zone, instanceGroupManager=instance_group.name, size=new_size).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_zone_operation(gcp, instance_group.zone, result['name'], timeout_sec=360) wait_for_instance_group_to_reach_expected_size(gcp, instance_group, new_size, timeout_sec) def patch_url_map_backend_service(gcp, backend_service=None, services_with_weights=None): '''change url_map's backend service Only one of backend_service and service_with_weights can be not None. ''' if backend_service and services_with_weights: raise ValueError( 'both backend_service and service_with_weights are not None.') default_service = backend_service.url if backend_service else None default_route_action = { 'weightedBackendServices': [{ 'backendService': service.url, 'weight': w, } for service, w in services_with_weights.items()] } if services_with_weights else None config = { 'pathMatchers': [{ 'name': _PATH_MATCHER_NAME, 'defaultService': default_service, 'defaultRouteAction': default_route_action, }] } logger.debug('Sending GCP request with body=%s', config) result = gcp.compute.urlMaps().patch( project=gcp.project, urlMap=gcp.url_map.name, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) wait_for_global_operation(gcp, result['name']) def wait_for_instance_group_to_reach_expected_size(gcp, instance_group, expected_size, timeout_sec): start_time = time.time() while True: current_size = len(get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group)) if current_size == expected_size: break if time.time() - start_time > timeout_sec: raise Exception( 'Instance group had expected size %d but actual size %d' % (expected_size, current_size)) time.sleep(2) def wait_for_global_operation(gcp, operation, timeout_sec=_WAIT_FOR_OPERATION_SEC): start_time = time.time() while time.time() - start_time <= timeout_sec: result = gcp.compute.globalOperations().get( project=gcp.project, operation=operation).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) if result['status'] == 'DONE': if 'error' in result: raise Exception(result['error']) return time.sleep(2) raise Exception('Operation %s did not complete within %d', operation, timeout_sec) def wait_for_zone_operation(gcp, zone, operation, timeout_sec=_WAIT_FOR_OPERATION_SEC): start_time = time.time() while time.time() - start_time <= timeout_sec: result = gcp.compute.zoneOperations().get( project=gcp.project, zone=zone, operation=operation).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) if result['status'] == 'DONE': if 'error' in result: raise Exception(result['error']) return time.sleep(2) raise Exception('Operation %s did not complete within %d', operation, timeout_sec) def wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, instance_group, timeout_sec=_WAIT_FOR_BACKEND_SEC): start_time = time.time() config = {'group': instance_group.url} while time.time() - start_time <= timeout_sec: result = gcp.compute.backendServices().getHealth( project=gcp.project, backendService=backend_service.name, body=config).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) if 'healthStatus' in result: healthy = True for instance in result['healthStatus']: if instance['healthState'] != 'HEALTHY': healthy = False break if healthy: return time.sleep(2) raise Exception('Not all backends became healthy within %d seconds: %s' % (timeout_sec, result)) def wait_for_config_propagation(gcp, instance_group, client_cmd, client_env): """Use client to verify config propagation from GCP->TD->client""" instance_names = get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group) client_process = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(client_cmd), env=client_env) wait_until_all_rpcs_go_to_given_backends(instance_names, _WAIT_FOR_VALID_CONFIG_SEC) client_process.terminate() def get_instance_names(gcp, instance_group): instance_names = [] result = gcp.compute.instanceGroups().listInstances( project=gcp.project, zone=instance_group.zone, instanceGroup=instance_group.name, body={ 'instanceState': 'ALL' }).execute(num_retries=_GCP_API_RETRIES) if 'items' not in result: return [] for item in result['items']: # listInstances() returns the full URL of the instance, which ends with # the instance name. compute.instances().get() requires using the # instance name (not the full URL) to look up instance details, so we # just extract the name manually. instance_name = item['instance'].split('/')[-1] instance_names.append(instance_name) return instance_names def clean_up(gcp): if gcp.global_forwarding_rule: delete_global_forwarding_rule(gcp) if gcp.target_proxy: delete_target_proxy(gcp) if gcp.url_map: delete_url_map(gcp) delete_backend_services(gcp) if gcp.health_check_firewall_rule: delete_firewall(gcp) if gcp.health_check: delete_health_check(gcp) delete_instance_groups(gcp) if gcp.instance_template: delete_instance_template(gcp) class InstanceGroup(object): def __init__(self, name, url, zone): self.name = name self.url = url self.zone = zone class GcpResource(object): def __init__(self, name, url): self.name = name self.url = url class GcpState(object): def __init__(self, compute, alpha_compute, project): self.compute = compute self.alpha_compute = alpha_compute self.project = project self.health_check = None self.health_check_firewall_rule = None self.backend_services = [] self.url_map = None self.target_proxy = None self.global_forwarding_rule = None self.service_port = None self.instance_template = None self.instance_groups = [] alpha_compute = None if args.compute_discovery_document: with open(args.compute_discovery_document, 'r') as discovery_doc: compute = googleapiclient.discovery.build_from_document( discovery_doc.read()) if not args.only_stable_gcp_apis and args.alpha_compute_discovery_document: with open(args.alpha_compute_discovery_document, 'r') as discovery_doc: alpha_compute = googleapiclient.discovery.build_from_document( discovery_doc.read()) else: compute = googleapiclient.discovery.build('compute', 'v1') if not args.only_stable_gcp_apis: alpha_compute = googleapiclient.discovery.build('compute', 'alpha') try: gcp = GcpState(compute, alpha_compute, args.project_id) health_check_name = _BASE_HEALTH_CHECK_NAME + args.gcp_suffix firewall_name = _BASE_FIREWALL_RULE_NAME + args.gcp_suffix backend_service_name = _BASE_BACKEND_SERVICE_NAME + args.gcp_suffix alternate_backend_service_name = _BASE_BACKEND_SERVICE_NAME + '-alternate' + args.gcp_suffix url_map_name = _BASE_URL_MAP_NAME + args.gcp_suffix service_host_name = _BASE_SERVICE_HOST + args.gcp_suffix target_proxy_name = _BASE_TARGET_PROXY_NAME + args.gcp_suffix forwarding_rule_name = _BASE_FORWARDING_RULE_NAME + args.gcp_suffix template_name = _BASE_TEMPLATE_NAME + args.gcp_suffix instance_group_name = _BASE_INSTANCE_GROUP_NAME + args.gcp_suffix same_zone_instance_group_name = _BASE_INSTANCE_GROUP_NAME + '-same-zone' + args.gcp_suffix if _USE_SECONDARY_IG: secondary_zone_instance_group_name = _BASE_INSTANCE_GROUP_NAME + '-secondary-zone' + args.gcp_suffix if args.use_existing_gcp_resources: logger.info('Reusing existing GCP resources') get_health_check(gcp, health_check_name) try: get_health_check_firewall_rule(gcp, firewall_name) except googleapiclient.errors.HttpError as http_error: # Firewall rule may be auto-deleted periodically depending on GCP # project settings. logger.exception('Failed to find firewall rule, recreating') create_health_check_firewall_rule(gcp, firewall_name) backend_service = get_backend_service(gcp, backend_service_name) alternate_backend_service = get_backend_service( gcp, alternate_backend_service_name) get_url_map(gcp, url_map_name) get_target_proxy(gcp, target_proxy_name) get_global_forwarding_rule(gcp, forwarding_rule_name) get_instance_template(gcp, template_name) instance_group = get_instance_group(gcp, args.zone, instance_group_name) same_zone_instance_group = get_instance_group( gcp, args.zone, same_zone_instance_group_name) if _USE_SECONDARY_IG: secondary_zone_instance_group = get_instance_group( gcp, args.secondary_zone, secondary_zone_instance_group_name) else: create_health_check(gcp, health_check_name) create_health_check_firewall_rule(gcp, firewall_name) backend_service = add_backend_service(gcp, backend_service_name) alternate_backend_service = add_backend_service( gcp, alternate_backend_service_name) create_url_map(gcp, url_map_name, backend_service, service_host_name) create_target_proxy(gcp, target_proxy_name) potential_service_ports = list(args.service_port_range) random.shuffle(potential_service_ports) create_global_forwarding_rule(gcp, forwarding_rule_name, potential_service_ports) if not gcp.service_port: raise Exception( 'Failed to find a valid ip:port for the forwarding rule') if gcp.service_port != _DEFAULT_SERVICE_PORT: patch_url_map_host_rule_with_port(gcp, url_map_name, backend_service, service_host_name) startup_script = get_startup_script(args.path_to_server_binary, gcp.service_port) create_instance_template(gcp, template_name, args.network, args.source_image, args.machine_type, startup_script) instance_group = add_instance_group(gcp, args.zone, instance_group_name, _INSTANCE_GROUP_SIZE) patch_backend_instances(gcp, backend_service, [instance_group]) same_zone_instance_group = add_instance_group( gcp, args.zone, same_zone_instance_group_name, _INSTANCE_GROUP_SIZE) if _USE_SECONDARY_IG: secondary_zone_instance_group = add_instance_group( gcp, args.secondary_zone, secondary_zone_instance_group_name, _INSTANCE_GROUP_SIZE) wait_for_healthy_backends(gcp, backend_service, instance_group) if args.test_case: if gcp.service_port == _DEFAULT_SERVICE_PORT: server_uri = service_host_name else: server_uri = service_host_name + ':' + str(gcp.service_port) if args.bootstrap_file: bootstrap_path = os.path.abspath(args.bootstrap_file) else: with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as bootstrap_file: bootstrap_file.write( _BOOTSTRAP_TEMPLATE.format( node_id=socket.gethostname()).encode('utf-8')) bootstrap_path = bootstrap_file.name client_env = dict(os.environ, GRPC_XDS_BOOTSTRAP=bootstrap_path) test_results = {} failed_tests = [] for test_case in args.test_case: result = jobset.JobResult() log_dir = os.path.join(_TEST_LOG_BASE_DIR, test_case) if not os.path.exists(log_dir): os.makedirs(log_dir) test_log_filename = os.path.join(log_dir, _SPONGE_LOG_NAME) test_log_file = open(test_log_filename, 'w+') client_process = None if test_case in _TESTS_TO_FAIL_ON_RPC_FAILURE: wait_for_config_propagation( gcp, instance_group, args.client_cmd.format(server_uri=server_uri, stats_port=args.stats_port, qps=args.qps, fail_on_failed_rpc=False), client_env) fail_on_failed_rpc = '--fail_on_failed_rpc=true' else: fail_on_failed_rpc = '--fail_on_failed_rpc=false' client_cmd = shlex.split( args.client_cmd.format(server_uri=server_uri, stats_port=args.stats_port, qps=args.qps, fail_on_failed_rpc=fail_on_failed_rpc)) try: client_process = subprocess.Popen(client_cmd, env=client_env, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, stdout=test_log_file) if test_case == 'backends_restart': test_backends_restart(gcp, backend_service, instance_group) elif test_case == 'change_backend_service': test_change_backend_service(gcp, backend_service, instance_group, alternate_backend_service, same_zone_instance_group) elif test_case == 'new_instance_group_receives_traffic': test_new_instance_group_receives_traffic( gcp, backend_service, instance_group, same_zone_instance_group) elif test_case == 'ping_pong': test_ping_pong(gcp, backend_service, instance_group) elif test_case == 'remove_instance_group': test_remove_instance_group(gcp, backend_service, instance_group, same_zone_instance_group) elif test_case == 'round_robin': test_round_robin(gcp, backend_service, instance_group) elif test_case == 'secondary_locality_gets_no_requests_on_partial_primary_failure': test_secondary_locality_gets_no_requests_on_partial_primary_failure( gcp, backend_service, instance_group, secondary_zone_instance_group) elif test_case == 'secondary_locality_gets_requests_on_primary_failure': test_secondary_locality_gets_requests_on_primary_failure( gcp, backend_service, instance_group, secondary_zone_instance_group) elif test_case == 'traffic_splitting': test_traffic_splitting(gcp, backend_service, instance_group, alternate_backend_service, same_zone_instance_group) else: logger.error('Unknown test case: %s', test_case) sys.exit(1) if client_process.poll() is not None: raise Exception( 'Client process exited prematurely with exit code %d' % client_process.returncode) result.state = 'PASSED' result.returncode = 0 except Exception as e: logger.exception('Test case %s failed', test_case) failed_tests.append(test_case) result.state = 'FAILED' result.message = str(e) finally: if client_process and not client_process.returncode: client_process.terminate() test_log_file.close() # Workaround for Python 3, as report_utils will invoke decode() on # result.message, which has a default value of ''. result.message = result.message.encode('UTF-8') test_results[test_case] = [result] if args.log_client_output: logger.info('Client output:') with open(test_log_filename, 'r') as client_output: logger.info(client_output.read()) if not os.path.exists(_TEST_LOG_BASE_DIR): os.makedirs(_TEST_LOG_BASE_DIR) report_utils.render_junit_xml_report(test_results, os.path.join( _TEST_LOG_BASE_DIR, _SPONGE_XML_NAME), suite_name='xds_tests', multi_target=True) if failed_tests: logger.error('Test case(s) %s failed', failed_tests) sys.exit(1) finally: if not args.keep_gcp_resources: logger.info('Cleaning up GCP resources. This may take some time.') clean_up(gcp)