diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/xds/xds_cluster_resolver.cc b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/xds/xds_cluster_resolver.cc
index 7ce51aa9a06..b9fa5fa9d3a 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/xds/xds_cluster_resolver.cc
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/xds/xds_cluster_resolver.cc
@@ -273,6 +273,7 @@ class XdsClusterResolverLb : public LoadBalancingPolicy {
     absl::optional<XdsEndpointResource> latest_update;
     // State used to retain child policy names for priority policy.
     std::vector<size_t /*child_number*/> priority_child_numbers;
+    size_t next_available_child_number = 0;
 
     const XdsClusterResolverLbConfig::DiscoveryMechanism& config() const;
 
@@ -666,10 +667,11 @@ void XdsClusterResolverLb::OnEndpointChanged(size_t index,
     }
     // If we didn't find an existing child number, assign a new one.
     if (!child_number.has_value()) {
-      for (child_number = 0;
+      for (child_number = discovery_entry.next_available_child_number;
            child_locality_map.find(*child_number) != child_locality_map.end();
            ++(*child_number)) {
       }
+      discovery_entry.next_available_child_number = *child_number + 1;
       // Add entry so we know that the child number is in use.
       // (Don't need to add the list of localities, since we won't use them.)
       child_locality_map[*child_number];
diff --git a/test/cpp/end2end/xds/xds_end2end_test.cc b/test/cpp/end2end/xds/xds_end2end_test.cc
index 83e2a997ad8..a462d793bf1 100644
--- a/test/cpp/end2end/xds/xds_end2end_test.cc
+++ b/test/cpp/end2end/xds/xds_end2end_test.cc
@@ -12059,6 +12059,57 @@ TEST_P(FailoverTest, MoveAllLocalitiesInCurrentPriorityToHigherPriority) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(balancer_->ads_service()->eds_response_state().has_value());
 }
 
+// This tests a bug triggered by the xds_cluster_resolver policy reusing
+// a child name for the priority policy when that child name was still
+// present but deactivated.
+TEST_P(FailoverTest, PriorityChildNameChurn) {
+  CreateAndStartBackends(4);
+  auto non_existant_endpoint = MakeNonExistantEndpoint();
+  // Initial update:
+  // - P0:locality0, child number 0 (unreachable)
+  // - P1:locality1, child number 1
+  // - P2:locality2, child number 2
+  EdsResourceArgs args({
+      {"locality0", {non_existant_endpoint}, kDefaultLocalityWeight, 0},
+      {"locality1", CreateEndpointsForBackends(0, 1), kDefaultLocalityWeight,
+       1},
+      {"locality2", CreateEndpointsForBackends(1, 2), kDefaultLocalityWeight,
+       2},
+  });
+  balancer_->ads_service()->SetEdsResource(BuildEdsResource(args));
+  WaitForBackend(0);
+  // Next update:
+  // - P0:locality0, child number 0 (still unreachable)
+  // - P1:locality2, child number 2 (moved from P2 to P1)
+  // - P2:locality3, child number 3 (new child)
+  // Child number 1 will be deactivated.
+  args = EdsResourceArgs({
+      {"locality0", {non_existant_endpoint}, kDefaultLocalityWeight, 0},
+      {"locality2", CreateEndpointsForBackends(1, 2), kDefaultLocalityWeight,
+       1},
+      {"locality3", CreateEndpointsForBackends(2, 3), kDefaultLocalityWeight,
+       2},
+  });
+  balancer_->ads_service()->SetEdsResource(BuildEdsResource(args));
+  WaitForBackend(1);
+  // Next update:
+  // - P0:locality0, child number 0 (still unreachable)
+  // - P1:locality4, child number 4 (new child number -- should not reuse #1)
+  // - P2:locality3, child number 3
+  // Child number 1 will be deactivated.
+  args = EdsResourceArgs({
+      {"locality0", {non_existant_endpoint}, kDefaultLocalityWeight, 0},
+      {"locality4", CreateEndpointsForBackends(3, 4), kDefaultLocalityWeight,
+       1},
+      {"locality3", CreateEndpointsForBackends(2, 3), kDefaultLocalityWeight,
+       2},
+  });
+  balancer_->ads_service()->SetEdsResource(BuildEdsResource(args));
+  WaitForBackend(3, WaitForBackendOptions().set_reset_counters(false));
+  // P2 should not have gotten any traffic in this change.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0UL, backends_[2]->backend_service()->request_count());
+}
+
 using DropTest = XdsEnd2endTest;
 
 // Tests that RPCs are dropped according to the drop config.