Add HTTP->gRPC status code mapping

doc/http-grpc-status-mapping.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# HTTP to gRPC Status Code Mapping
+
+Since intermediaries are a common part of HTTP infrastructure some responses to
+gRPC requests may be received that do not include the grpc-status header. In
+some cases mapping error codes from an intermediary allows the gRPC client to
+behave more appropriately to the error situation without overloading the
+semantics of either error code.
+
+This table is to be used _only_ for clients that received a response that did
+not include grpc-status. If grpc-status was provided, it _must_ be used. Servers
+_must not_ use this table to determine an HTTP status code to use; the mappings
+are neither symmetric nor 1-to-1.
+
+| HTTP Status Code           | gRPC Status Code   |
+|----------------------------|--------------------|
+| 400 Bad Request            | INTERNAL           |
+| 401 Unauthorized           | UNAUTHENTICATED    |
+| 403 Forbidden              | PERMISSION\_DENIED |
+| 404 Not Found              | UNIMPLEMENTED      |
+| 429 Too Many Requests      | UNAVAILABLE        |
+| 502 Bad Gateway            | UNAVAILABLE        |
+| 503 Service Unavailable    | UNAVAILABLE        |
+| 504 Gateway Timeout        | UNAVAILABLE        |
+| _All other codes_          | UNKNOWN            |
+
+Technically, 1xx should have the entire header skipped and a subsequent header
+be read. See RFC 7540 §8.1.
+
+200 is UNKNOWN because there should be a grpc-status in case of truly OK
+response.