Pin rules_cc to 0.17.0 (#37545)

- populate rules_cc information in bazel/repository_locations.bzl
- load rules_cc in repositories.bzl
- stop listing rules_cc as an untracked dependency of rules_rust

Before this, we didn't track `rules_cc` at all, and were at the whim of
whatever brought it in, which for a local build for me today was 0.0.4,
from circa 2022.

This does introduce some noise as the `cc_proto_library` rules in
`rules_cc` now delegates to the one from `@com_google_protobuf` with a
deprecation warning. We can silence these with a few small patches to
our dependencies to bring them up to date if just updating them is
insufficient.

Risk Level: low
Testing: ci

---------

Signed-off-by: Alejandro R. Sedeño <asedeno@google.com>

Mirrored from https://github.com/envoyproxy/envoy @ 223443a07ac1ab1aa5a0dfe5cf664d1d7ab65d26

bazel/pgv.patch

@@ -11,3 +11,20 @@
  	case "const":
  		return "const_"
  	case "inline":
+diff --git a/validate/BUILD b/validate/BUILD
+index a9d38c5..2baa5d2 100644
+--- a/validate/BUILD
++++ b/validate/BUILD
+@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+ load("@com_google_protobuf//:protobuf.bzl", "py_proto_library")
++load("@com_google_protobuf//bazel:cc_proto_library.bzl", "cc_proto_library")
++load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_library")
+ load("@io_bazel_rules_go//proto:def.bzl", "go_proto_library")
+-load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_library", "cc_proto_library")
++load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_library")
+ load("@rules_java//java:defs.bzl", "java_proto_library")
+ load("@rules_proto//proto:defs.bzl", "proto_library")
+-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_library")
+ 
+ package(
+     default_visibility =