deps/api: Bump `com_github_bufbuild_buf` -> 1.31.0 (#33903)

Signed-off-by: dependency-envoy[bot] <148525496+dependency-envoy[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependency-envoy[bot] <148525496+dependency-envoy[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

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bazel/repository_locations.bzl

@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@ REPOSITORY_LOCATIONS_SPEC = dict(
         project_name = "buf",
         project_desc = "A new way of working with Protocol Buffers.",  # Used for breaking change detection in API protobufs
         project_url = "https://buf.build",
-        version = "1.30.1",
-        sha256 = "4d329fdd44146616325c0ad1ee7ebd34886d915131f5457bbb5e0f2a54ae7963",
+        version = "1.31.0",
+        sha256 = "8a94dce37ce72c89c82e6c4baf77797a2a4a2eef3b02a7f39b40ef7fb0f39f94",
         strip_prefix = "buf",
         urls = ["https://github.com/bufbuild/buf/releases/download/v{version}/buf-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz"],
-        release_date = "2024-04-03",
+        release_date = "2024-04-23",
         use_category = ["api"],
         license = "Apache-2.0",
         license_url = "https://github.com/bufbuild/buf/blob/v{version}/LICENSE",