deps/api: Bump `com_github_bufbuild_buf` -> 1.38.0 (#35856)

Fix #35819

Signed-off-by: dependency-envoy[bot]
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Signed-off-by: dependency-envoy[bot] <148525496+dependency-envoy[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependency-envoy[bot] <148525496+dependency-envoy[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

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bazel/repository_locations.bzl

@@ -144,11 +144,11 @@ REPOSITORY_LOCATIONS_SPEC = dict(
         project_name = "buf",
         project_desc = "A new way of working with Protocol Buffers.",  # Used for breaking change detection in API protobufs
         project_url = "https://buf.build",
-        version = "1.37.0",
+        version = "1.38.0",
-        sha256 = "a76d94f27f1e1a1b74601bb8b179e170f1138c8692d6ddcfe15ee8b77e5b90a6",
+        sha256 = "c091639826cddbbcb55fd6391e21cb1fcf0c82452a7e273b670a0b572ddb3a8c",
         strip_prefix = "buf",
         urls = ["https://github.com/bufbuild/buf/releases/download/v{version}/buf-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz"],
-        release_date = "2024-08-16",
+        release_date = "2024-08-22",
         use_category = ["api"],
         license = "Apache-2.0",
         license_url = "https://github.com/bufbuild/buf/blob/v{version}/LICENSE",