deps/api: Bump `com_github_bufbuild_buf` -> 1.41.0 (#36090)

Fix #36083

Signed-off-by: dependency-envoy[bot]
<148525496+dependency-envoy[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Mirrored from https://github.com/envoyproxy/envoy @ a839c2bacfb13fc5f79641b4d3a1c47e9a38b314

bazel/repository_locations.bzl

@@ -144,11 +144,11 @@ REPOSITORY_LOCATIONS_SPEC = dict(
         project_name = "buf",
         project_desc = "A new way of working with Protocol Buffers.",  # Used for breaking change detection in API protobufs
         project_url = "https://buf.build",
-        version = "1.39.0",
-        sha256 = "b3e1c72e52b13ac9fd8cc30e24c14dde96a9e9591e78161e8f9948c3a1f75be1",
+        version = "1.41.0",
+        sha256 = "47952564762b3f7e248fb70cba1956e68db80242fac3e825ba21eb2632074c93",
         strip_prefix = "buf",
         urls = ["https://github.com/bufbuild/buf/releases/download/v{version}/buf-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz"],
-        release_date = "2024-08-27",
+        release_date = "2024-09-11",
         use_category = ["api"],
         license = "Apache-2.0",
         license_url = "https://github.com/bufbuild/buf/blob/v{version}/LICENSE",