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158 lines
7.7 KiB
# [](https://c-ares.org/) |
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[](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/c-ares/c-ares) |
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[](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/c-ares/c-ares/branch/main) |
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[](https://coveralls.io/github/c-ares/c-ares?branch=main) |
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[](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/291) |
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[](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:c-ares) |
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[](https://sonarcloud.io/summary/new_code?id=c-ares_c-ares) |
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[](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/c-ares) |
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- [Overview](#overview) |
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- [Code](#code) |
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- [Communication](#communication) |
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- [Release Keys](#release-keys) |
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- [Verifying signatures](#verifying-signatures) |
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- [Features](#features) |
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- [RFCs and Proposals](#supported-rfcs-and-proposals) |
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## Overview |
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[c-ares](https://c-ares.org) is a modern DNS (stub) resolver library, written in |
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C. It provides interfaces for asynchronous queries while trying to abstract the |
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intricacies of the underlying DNS protocol. It was originally intended for |
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applications which need to perform DNS queries without blocking, or need to |
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perform multiple DNS queries in parallel. |
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One of the goals of c-ares is to be a better DNS resolver than is provided by |
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your system, regardless of which system you use. We recommend using |
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the c-ares library in all network applications even if the initial goal of |
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asynchronous resolution is not necessary to your application. |
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c-ares will build with any C89 compiler and is [MIT licensed](LICENSE.md), |
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which makes it suitable for both free and commercial software. c-ares runs on |
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Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, MacOS, Solaris, AIX, Windows, Android, iOS and many |
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more operating systems. |
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c-ares has a strong focus on security, implementing safe parsers and data |
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builders used throughout the code, thus avoiding many of the common pitfalls |
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of other C libraries. Through automated testing with our extensive testing |
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framework, c-ares is constantly validated with a range of static and dynamic |
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analyzers, as well as being constantly fuzzed by [OSS Fuzz](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz). |
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While c-ares has been around for over 20 years, it has been actively maintained |
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both in regards to the latest DNS RFCs as well as updated to follow the latest |
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best practices in regards to C coding standards. |
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## Code |
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The full source code and revision history is available in our |
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[GitHub repository](https://github.com/c-ares/c-ares). Our signed releases |
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are available in the [release archives](https://c-ares.org/download/). |
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See the [INSTALL.md](INSTALL.md) file for build information. |
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## Communication |
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**Issues** and **Feature Requests** should be reported to our |
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[GitHub Issues](https://github.com/c-ares/c-ares/issues) page. |
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**Discussions** around c-ares and its use, are held on |
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[GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/c-ares/c-ares/discussions/categories/q-a) |
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or the [Mailing List](https://lists.haxx.se/mailman/listinfo/c-ares). Mailing |
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List archive [here](https://lists.haxx.se/pipermail/c-ares/). |
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Please, do not mail volunteers privately about c-ares. |
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**Security vulnerabilities** are treated according to our |
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[Security Procedure](SECURITY.md), please email c-ares-security at |
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haxx.se if you suspect one. |
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## Release keys |
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Primary GPG keys for c-ares Releasers (some Releasers sign with subkeys): |
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* **Daniel Stenberg** <<daniel@haxx.se>> |
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`27EDEAF22F3ABCEB50DB9A125CC908FDB71E12C2` |
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* **Brad House** <<brad@brad-house.com>> |
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`DA7D64E4C82C6294CB73A20E22E3D13B5411B7CA` |
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To import the full set of trusted release keys (including subkeys possibly used |
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to sign releases): |
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```bash |
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gpg --keyserver hkps://keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 27EDEAF22F3ABCEB50DB9A125CC908FDB71E12C2 # Daniel Stenberg |
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gpg --keyserver hkps://keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys DA7D64E4C82C6294CB73A20E22E3D13B5411B7CA # Brad House |
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``` |
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### Verifying signatures |
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For each release `c-ares-X.Y.Z.tar.gz` there is a corresponding |
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`c-ares-X.Y.Z.tar.gz.asc` file which contains the detached signature for the |
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release. |
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After fetching all of the possible valid signing keys and loading into your |
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keychain as per the prior section, you can simply run the command below on |
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the downloaded package and detached signature: |
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```bash |
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% gpg -v --verify c-ares-1.29.0.tar.gz.asc c-ares-1.29.0.tar.gz |
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gpg: enabled compatibility flags: |
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gpg: Signature made Fri May 24 02:50:38 2024 EDT |
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gpg: using RSA key 27EDEAF22F3ABCEB50DB9A125CC908FDB71E12C2 |
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gpg: using pgp trust model |
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gpg: Good signature from "Daniel Stenberg <daniel@haxx.se>" [unknown] |
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gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! |
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gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. |
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Primary key fingerprint: 27ED EAF2 2F3A BCEB 50DB 9A12 5CC9 08FD B71E 12C2 |
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gpg: binary signature, digest algorithm SHA512, key algorithm rsa2048 |
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``` |
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## Features |
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See [Features](FEATURES.md) |
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### Supported RFCs and Proposals |
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- [RFC1035](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1035). |
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Initial/Base DNS RFC |
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- [RFC2671](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2671), |
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[RFC6891](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6891). |
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EDNS0 option (meta-RR) |
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- [RFC3596](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3596). |
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IPv6 Address. `AAAA` Record. |
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- [RFC2782](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2782). |
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Server Selection. `SRV` Record. |
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- [RFC3403](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3403). |
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Naming Authority Pointer. `NAPTR` Record. |
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- [RFC6698](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6698). |
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DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol. |
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`TLSA` Record. |
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- [RFC9460](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9460). |
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General Purpose Service Binding, Service Binding type for use with HTTPS. |
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`SVCB` and `HTTPS` Records. |
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- [RFC7553](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7553). |
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Uniform Resource Identifier. `URI` Record. |
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- [RFC6844](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6844). |
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Certification Authority Authorization. `CAA` Record. |
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- [RFC2535](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2535), |
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[RFC2931](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2931). |
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`SIG0` Record. Only basic parser, not full implementation. |
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- [RFC7873](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7873), |
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[RFC9018](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9018). |
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DNS Cookie off-path dns poisoning and amplification mitigation. |
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- [draft-vixie-dnsext-dns0x20-00](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-vixie-dnsext-dns0x20-00). |
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DNS 0x20 query name case randomization to prevent cache poisioning attacks. |
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- [RFC7686](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7686). |
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Reject queries for `.onion` domain names with `NXDOMAIN`. |
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- [RFC2606](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2606), |
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[RFC6761](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6761). |
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Special case treatment for `localhost`/`.localhost`. |
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- [RFC2308](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2308), |
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[RFC9520](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9520). |
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Negative Caching of DNS Resolution Failures. |
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- [RFC6724](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6724). |
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IPv6 address sorting as used by `ares_getaddrinfo()`. |
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- [RFC7413](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7413). |
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TCP FastOpen (TFO) for 0-RTT TCP Connection Resumption. |
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- [RFC3986](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986). |
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Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). Used for server configuration.
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