This change adds optional support for
- Armv8.3-A Pointer Authentication (PAuth) and
- Armv8.5-A Branch Target Identification (BTI)
features to the perl scripts.
Both features can be enabled with additional compiler flags.
Unless any of these are enabled explicitly there is no code change at
all.
The extensions are briefly described below. Please read the appropriate
chapters of the Arm Architecture Reference Manual for the complete
specification.
Scope
-----
This change only affects generated assembly code.
Armv8.3-A Pointer Authentication
--------------------------------
Pointer Authentication extension supports the authentication of the
contents of registers before they are used for indirect branching
or load.
PAuth provides a probabilistic method to detect corruption of register
values. PAuth signing instructions generate a Pointer Authentication
Code (PAC) based on the value of a register, a seed and a key.
The generated PAC is inserted into the original value in the register.
A PAuth authentication instruction recomputes the PAC, and if it matches
the PAC in the register, restores its original value. In case of a
mismatch, an architecturally unmapped address is generated instead.
With PAuth, mitigation against ROP (Return-oriented Programming) attacks
can be implemented. This is achieved by signing the contents of the
link-register (LR) before it is pushed to stack. Once LR is popped,
it is authenticated. This way a stack corruption which overwrites the
LR on the stack is detectable.
The PAuth extension adds several new instructions, some of which are not
recognized by older hardware. To support a single codebase for both pre
Armv8.3-A targets and newer ones, only NOP-space instructions are added
by this patch. These instructions are treated as NOPs on hardware
which does not support Armv8.3-A. Furthermore, this patch only considers
cases where LR is saved to the stack and then restored before branching
to its content. There are cases in the code where LR is pushed to stack
but it is not used later. We do not address these cases as they are not
affected by PAuth.
There are two keys available to sign an instruction address: A and B.
PACIASP and PACIBSP only differ in the used keys: A and B, respectively.
The keys are typically managed by the operating system.
To enable generating code for PAuth compile with
-mbranch-protection=<mode>:
- standard or pac-ret: add PACIASP and AUTIASP, also enables BTI
(read below)
- pac-ret+b-key: add PACIBSP and AUTIBSP
Armv8.5-A Branch Target Identification
--------------------------------------
Branch Target Identification features some new instructions which
protect the execution of instructions on guarded pages which are not
intended branch targets.
If Armv8.5-A is supported by the hardware, execution of an instruction
changes the value of PSTATE.BTYPE field. If an indirect branch
lands on a guarded page the target instruction must be one of the
BTI <jc> flavors, or in case of a direct call or jump it can be any
other instruction. If the target instruction is not compatible with the
value of PSTATE.BTYPE a Branch Target Exception is generated.
In short, indirect jumps are compatible with BTI <j> and <jc> while
indirect calls are compatible with BTI <c> and <jc>. Please refer to the
specification for the details.
Armv8.3-A PACIASP and PACIBSP are implicit branch target
identification instructions which are equivalent with BTI c or BTI jc
depending on system register configuration.
BTI is used to mitigate JOP (Jump-oriented Programming) attacks by
limiting the set of instructions which can be jumped to.
BTI requires active linker support to mark the pages with BTI-enabled
code as guarded. For ELF64 files BTI compatibility is recorded in the
.note.gnu.property section. For a shared object or static binary it is
required that all linked units support BTI. This means that even a
single assembly file without the required note section turns-off BTI
for the whole binary or shared object.
The new BTI instructions are treated as NOPs on hardware which does
not support Armv8.5-A or on pages which are not guarded.
To insert this new and optional instruction compile with
-mbranch-protection=standard (also enables PAuth) or +bti.
When targeting a guarded page from a non-guarded page, weaker
compatibility restrictions apply to maintain compatibility between
legacy and new code. For detailed rules please refer to the Arm ARM.
Compiler support
----------------
Compiler support requires understanding '-mbranch-protection=<mode>'
and emitting the appropriate feature macros (__ARM_FEATURE_BTI_DEFAULT
and __ARM_FEATURE_PAC_DEFAULT). The current state is the following:
-------------------------------------------------------
| Compiler | -mbranch-protection | Feature macros |
+----------+---------------------+--------------------+
| clang | 9.0.0 | 11.0.0 |
+----------+---------------------+--------------------+
| gcc | 9 | expected in 10.1+ |
-------------------------------------------------------
Available Platforms
------------------
Arm Fast Model and QEMU support both extensions.
https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/simulation-models/fast-modelshttps://www.qemu.org/
Implementation Notes
--------------------
This change adds BTI landing pads even to assembly functions which are
likely to be directly called only. In these cases, landing pads might
be superfluous depending on what code the linker generates.
Code size and performance impact for these cases would be negligble.
Interaction with C code
-----------------------
Pointer Authentication is a per-frame protection while Branch Target
Identification can be turned on and off only for all code pages of a
whole shared object or static binary. Because of these properties if
C/C++ code is compiled without any of the above features but assembly
files support any of them unconditionally there is no incompatibility
between the two.
Useful Links
------------
To fully understand the details of both PAuth and BTI it is advised to
read the related chapters of the Arm Architecture Reference Manual
(Arm ARM):
https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0487/latest/
Additional materials:
"Providing protection for complex software"
https://developer.arm.com/architectures/learn-the-architecture/providing-protection-for-complex-software
Arm Compiler Reference Guide Version 6.14: -mbranch-protection
https://developer.arm.com/documentation/101754/0614/armclang-Reference/armclang-Command-line-Options/-mbranch-protection?lang=en
Arm C Language Extensions (ACLE)
https://developer.arm.com/docs/101028/latest
Change-Id: I4335f92e2ccc8e209c7d68a0a79f1acdf3aeb791
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/c/boringssl/+/42084
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
This version adds signature algorithms to the extension
Change-Id: I91dc78d33ee81cb7a6221c7bdeefc8ea460a2d6c
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/c/boringssl/+/42424
Reviewed-by: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
Commit-Queue: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
Update-Note: If an SSL_QUIC_METHOD is set, connections will now fail if
ALPN is not negotiated. This new behavior can be detected by checking
if the value of BORINGSSL_API_VERSION is greater than 10.
Bug: 294
Change-Id: I42fb80aa09268e77cec4a51e49cdad79bd72fa58
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/c/boringssl/+/42304
Commit-Queue: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
Reason codes 1000+N correspond to receiving an alert N from the peer,
rather than observing the corresponding error condition locally. This
has generally been a source of confusion for folks.
They were originally named like SSL_R_TLSV1_ALERT_DECRYPTION_FAILED, but
OpenSSL introduced a few without the "ALERT" token in
739a543ea863682f157e9aa0ee382367eb3d187c.
We then inadvertently carried the mistake over in
SSL_R_TLSV1_UNKNOWN_PSK_IDENTITY and SSL_R_TLSV1_CERTIFICATE_REQUIRED.
Fix all these to include the "ALERT" for consistency and make it
slightly less confusing. (Although perhaps it should have been
RECEIVED_ALERT or so.) Add compatibility #defines for the original
OpenSSL ones and SSL_R_TLSV1_CERTIFICATE_REQUIRED. The latter can be
removed when downstream code is fixed. The OpenSSL ones we'll probably
just leave around.
Update-Note: The renamed alerts will log slightly different strings, but
the constants used by external code are still there.
Bug: 366
Change-Id: I30c299c4ad4b2bed695bd71d0831fbe6755975a7
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/c/boringssl/+/42384
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
Commit-Queue: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
This is partially imported from upstream's
54dbf42398e23349b59f258a3dd60387bbc5ba13 which does something similar.
In doing so, remove the pkcs8->broken field, which is a remnant of some
parsing hacks we long since removed (PKCS8_set_broken). The immediate
motivation is, if this sticks, this would make it easier to detach
i2d_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO and d2i_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO from the old ASN.1
code.
Update-Note: Direct accesses of PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO now need to use the
accessors. Code search suggests no one uses the fields. Even the
accessors are virtually unused (the one thing which uses it doesn't need
it).
Bug: chromium:1102458
Change-Id: I57054de3fe412079f7387dc99291250e873b1471
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/c/boringssl/+/42006
Commit-Queue: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
Code which targets OpenSSL won't use EVP_parse_public_key. X509_PUBKEY
is fairly deeply tied to the old ASN.1 stack, but there's no reason for
i2d_PUBKEY and friends to be. Move them to crypto/evp and reimplement as
wrappers over our functions.
Bug: chromium:1102458
Change-Id: Ic11766acdac797602e4abe1253b0efe33faef298
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/c/boringssl/+/42005
Commit-Queue: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
Update-Note: This gets rid of TRUST_TOKEN_experiment_v0. Existing callers
should be updated to call TRUST_TOKEN_experiment_v1.
Change-Id: I8ec9b808cbd35546425690d1548db671ff033e14
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/c/boringssl/+/41524
Reviewed-by: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Steven Valdez <svaldez@google.com>
Change-Id: I9dde27f4a6b492d5a3f49041c8cdcac642c58335
Reviewed-on: https://boringssl-review.googlesource.com/c/boringssl/+/42004
Commit-Queue: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Adam Langley <agl@google.com>
Tamas Petz
Watson Ladd
Nick Harper
David Benjamin
Steven Valdez
Adam Langley