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597 lines
18 KiB
@chapter Encoders |
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@c man begin ENCODERS |
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Encoders are configured elements in Libav which allow the encoding of |
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multimedia streams. |
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When you configure your Libav build, all the supported native encoders |
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are enabled by default. Encoders requiring an external library must be enabled |
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manually via the corresponding @code{--enable-lib} option. You can list all |
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available encoders using the configure option @code{--list-encoders}. |
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You can disable all the encoders with the configure option |
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@code{--disable-encoders} and selectively enable / disable single encoders |
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with the options @code{--enable-encoder=@var{ENCODER}} / |
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@code{--disable-encoder=@var{ENCODER}}. |
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The option @code{-codecs} of the ff* tools will display the list of |
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enabled encoders. |
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@c man end ENCODERS |
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@chapter Audio Encoders |
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@c man begin AUDIO ENCODERS |
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A description of some of the currently available audio encoders |
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follows. |
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@section ac3 and ac3_fixed |
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AC-3 audio encoders. |
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These encoders implement part of ATSC A/52:2010 and ETSI TS 102 366, as well as |
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the undocumented RealAudio 3 (a.k.a. dnet). |
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The @var{ac3} encoder uses floating-point math, while the @var{ac3_fixed} |
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encoder only uses fixed-point integer math. This does not mean that one is |
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always faster, just that one or the other may be better suited to a |
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particular system. The floating-point encoder will generally produce better |
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quality audio for a given bitrate. The @var{ac3_fixed} encoder is not the |
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default codec for any of the output formats, so it must be specified explicitly |
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using the option @code{-acodec ac3_fixed} in order to use it. |
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@subsection AC-3 Metadata |
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The AC-3 metadata options are used to set parameters that describe the audio, |
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but in most cases do not affect the audio encoding itself. Some of the options |
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do directly affect or influence the decoding and playback of the resulting |
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bitstream, while others are just for informational purposes. A few of the |
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options will add bits to the output stream that could otherwise be used for |
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audio data, and will thus affect the quality of the output. Those will be |
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indicated accordingly with a note in the option list below. |
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These parameters are described in detail in several publicly-available |
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documents. |
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@itemize |
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@item @uref{http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a_52-2010.pdf,A/52:2010 - Digital Audio Compression (AC-3) (E-AC-3) Standard} |
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@item @uref{http://www.atsc.org/cms/standards/a_54a_with_corr_1.pdf,A/54 - Guide to the Use of the ATSC Digital Television Standard} |
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@item @uref{http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/18_Metadata.Guide.pdf,Dolby Metadata Guide} |
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@item @uref{http://www.dolby.com/uploadedFiles/zz-_Shared_Assets/English_PDFs/Professional/46_DDEncodingGuidelines.pdf,Dolby Digital Professional Encoding Guidelines} |
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@end itemize |
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@subsubsection Metadata Control Options |
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@table @option |
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@item -per_frame_metadata @var{boolean} |
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Allow Per-Frame Metadata. Specifies if the encoder should check for changing |
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metadata for each frame. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0 |
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The metadata values set at initialization will be used for every frame in the |
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stream. (default) |
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@item 1 |
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Metadata values can be changed before encoding each frame. |
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@end table |
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@end table |
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@subsubsection Downmix Levels |
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@table @option |
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@item -center_mixlev @var{level} |
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Center Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the center |
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channel when downmixing to stereo. This field will only be written to the |
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bitstream if a center channel is present. The value is specified as a scale |
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factor. There are 3 valid values: |
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@table @option |
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@item 0.707 |
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Apply -3dB gain |
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@item 0.595 |
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Apply -4.5dB gain (default) |
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@item 0.500 |
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Apply -6dB gain |
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@end table |
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@item -surround_mixlev @var{level} |
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Surround Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the surround |
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channel(s) when downmixing to stereo. This field will only be written to the |
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bitstream if one or more surround channels are present. The value is specified |
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as a scale factor. There are 3 valid values: |
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@table @option |
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@item 0.707 |
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Apply -3dB gain |
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@item 0.500 |
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Apply -6dB gain (default) |
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@item 0.000 |
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Silence Surround Channel(s) |
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@end table |
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@end table |
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@subsubsection Audio Production Information |
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Audio Production Information is optional information describing the mixing |
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environment. Either none or both of the fields are written to the bitstream. |
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@table @option |
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@item -mixing_level @var{number} |
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Mixing Level. Specifies peak sound pressure level (SPL) in the production |
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environment when the mix was mastered. Valid values are 80 to 111, or -1 for |
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unknown or not indicated. The default value is -1, but that value cannot be |
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used if the Audio Production Information is written to the bitstream. Therefore, |
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if the @code{room_type} option is not the default value, the @code{mixing_level} |
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option must not be -1. |
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@item -room_type @var{type} |
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Room Type. Describes the equalization used during the final mixing session at |
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the studio or on the dubbing stage. A large room is a dubbing stage with the |
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industry standard X-curve equalization; a small room has flat equalization. |
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This field will not be written to the bitstream if both the @code{mixing_level} |
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option and the @code{room_type} option have the default values. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0 |
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@itemx notindicated |
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Not Indicated (default) |
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@item 1 |
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@itemx large |
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Large Room |
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@item 2 |
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@itemx small |
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Small Room |
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@end table |
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@end table |
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@subsubsection Other Metadata Options |
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@table @option |
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@item -copyright @var{boolean} |
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Copyright Indicator. Specifies whether a copyright exists for this audio. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0 |
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@itemx off |
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No Copyright Exists (default) |
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@item 1 |
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@itemx on |
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Copyright Exists |
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@end table |
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@item -dialnorm @var{value} |
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Dialogue Normalization. Indicates how far the average dialogue level of the |
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program is below digital 100% full scale (0 dBFS). This parameter determines a |
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level shift during audio reproduction that sets the average volume of the |
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dialogue to a preset level. The goal is to match volume level between program |
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sources. A value of -31dB will result in no volume level change, relative to |
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the source volume, during audio reproduction. Valid values are whole numbers in |
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the range -31 to -1, with -31 being the default. |
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@item -dsur_mode @var{mode} |
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Dolby Surround Mode. Specifies whether the stereo signal uses Dolby Surround |
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(Pro Logic). This field will only be written to the bitstream if the audio |
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stream is stereo. Using this option does @b{NOT} mean the encoder will actually |
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apply Dolby Surround processing. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0 |
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@itemx notindicated |
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Not Indicated (default) |
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@item 1 |
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@itemx off |
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Not Dolby Surround Encoded |
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@item 2 |
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@itemx on |
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Dolby Surround Encoded |
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@end table |
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@item -original @var{boolean} |
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Original Bit Stream Indicator. Specifies whether this audio is from the |
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original source and not a copy. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0 |
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@itemx off |
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Not Original Source |
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@item 1 |
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@itemx on |
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Original Source (default) |
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@end table |
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@end table |
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@subsection Extended Bitstream Information |
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The extended bitstream options are part of the Alternate Bit Stream Syntax as |
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specified in Annex D of the A/52:2010 standard. It is grouped into 2 parts. |
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If any one parameter in a group is specified, all values in that group will be |
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written to the bitstream. Default values are used for those that are written |
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but have not been specified. If the mixing levels are written, the decoder |
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will use these values instead of the ones specified in the @code{center_mixlev} |
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and @code{surround_mixlev} options if it supports the Alternate Bit Stream |
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Syntax. |
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@subsubsection Extended Bitstream Information - Part 1 |
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@table @option |
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@item -dmix_mode @var{mode} |
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Preferred Stereo Downmix Mode. Allows the user to select either Lt/Rt |
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(Dolby Surround) or Lo/Ro (normal stereo) as the preferred stereo downmix mode. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0 |
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@itemx notindicated |
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Not Indicated (default) |
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@item 1 |
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@itemx ltrt |
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Lt/Rt Downmix Preferred |
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@item 2 |
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@itemx loro |
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Lo/Ro Downmix Preferred |
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@end table |
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@item -ltrt_cmixlev @var{level} |
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Lt/Rt Center Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the |
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center channel when downmixing to stereo in Lt/Rt mode. |
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@table @option |
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@item 1.414 |
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Apply +3dB gain |
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@item 1.189 |
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Apply +1.5dB gain |
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@item 1.000 |
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Apply 0dB gain |
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@item 0.841 |
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Apply -1.5dB gain |
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@item 0.707 |
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Apply -3.0dB gain |
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@item 0.595 |
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Apply -4.5dB gain (default) |
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@item 0.500 |
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Apply -6.0dB gain |
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@item 0.000 |
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Silence Center Channel |
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@end table |
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@item -ltrt_surmixlev @var{level} |
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Lt/Rt Surround Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the |
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surround channel(s) when downmixing to stereo in Lt/Rt mode. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0.841 |
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Apply -1.5dB gain |
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@item 0.707 |
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Apply -3.0dB gain |
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@item 0.595 |
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Apply -4.5dB gain |
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@item 0.500 |
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Apply -6.0dB gain (default) |
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@item 0.000 |
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Silence Surround Channel(s) |
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@end table |
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@item -loro_cmixlev @var{level} |
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Lo/Ro Center Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the |
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center channel when downmixing to stereo in Lo/Ro mode. |
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@table @option |
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@item 1.414 |
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Apply +3dB gain |
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@item 1.189 |
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Apply +1.5dB gain |
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@item 1.000 |
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Apply 0dB gain |
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@item 0.841 |
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Apply -1.5dB gain |
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@item 0.707 |
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Apply -3.0dB gain |
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@item 0.595 |
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Apply -4.5dB gain (default) |
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@item 0.500 |
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Apply -6.0dB gain |
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@item 0.000 |
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Silence Center Channel |
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@end table |
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@item -loro_surmixlev @var{level} |
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Lo/Ro Surround Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the |
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surround channel(s) when downmixing to stereo in Lo/Ro mode. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0.841 |
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Apply -1.5dB gain |
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@item 0.707 |
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Apply -3.0dB gain |
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@item 0.595 |
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Apply -4.5dB gain |
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@item 0.500 |
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Apply -6.0dB gain (default) |
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@item 0.000 |
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Silence Surround Channel(s) |
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@end table |
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@end table |
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@subsubsection Extended Bitstream Information - Part 2 |
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@table @option |
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@item -dsurex_mode @var{mode} |
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Dolby Surround EX Mode. Indicates whether the stream uses Dolby Surround EX |
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(7.1 matrixed to 5.1). Using this option does @b{NOT} mean the encoder will actually |
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apply Dolby Surround EX processing. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0 |
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@itemx notindicated |
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Not Indicated (default) |
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@item 1 |
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@itemx on |
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Dolby Surround EX Off |
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@item 2 |
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@itemx off |
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Dolby Surround EX On |
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@end table |
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@item -dheadphone_mode @var{mode} |
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Dolby Headphone Mode. Indicates whether the stream uses Dolby Headphone |
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encoding (multi-channel matrixed to 2.0 for use with headphones). Using this |
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option does @b{NOT} mean the encoder will actually apply Dolby Headphone |
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processing. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0 |
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@itemx notindicated |
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Not Indicated (default) |
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@item 1 |
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@itemx on |
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Dolby Headphone Off |
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@item 2 |
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@itemx off |
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Dolby Headphone On |
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@end table |
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@item -ad_conv_type @var{type} |
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A/D Converter Type. Indicates whether the audio has passed through HDCD A/D |
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conversion. |
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@table @option |
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@item 0 |
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@itemx standard |
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Standard A/D Converter (default) |
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@item 1 |
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@itemx hdcd |
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HDCD A/D Converter |
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@end table |
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@end table |
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@subsection Other AC-3 Encoding Options |
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@table @option |
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@item -stereo_rematrixing @var{boolean} |
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Stereo Rematrixing. Enables/Disables use of rematrixing for stereo input. This |
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is an optional AC-3 feature that increases quality by selectively encoding |
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the left/right channels as mid/side. This option is enabled by default, and it |
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is highly recommended that it be left as enabled except for testing purposes. |
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@end table |
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@subheading Floating-Point-Only AC-3 Encoding Options |
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These options are only valid for the floating-point encoder and do not exist |
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for the fixed-point encoder due to the corresponding features not being |
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implemented in fixed-point. |
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@table @option |
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@item -channel_coupling @var{boolean} |
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Enables/Disables use of channel coupling, which is an optional AC-3 feature |
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that increases quality by combining high frequency information from multiple |
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channels into a single channel. The per-channel high frequency information is |
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sent with less accuracy in both the frequency and time domains. This allows |
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more bits to be used for lower frequencies while preserving enough information |
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to reconstruct the high frequencies. This option is enabled by default for the |
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floating-point encoder and should generally be left as enabled except for |
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testing purposes or to increase encoding speed. |
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@table @option |
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@item -1 |
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@itemx auto |
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Selected by Encoder (default) |
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@item 0 |
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@itemx off |
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Disable Channel Coupling |
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@item 1 |
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@itemx on |
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Enable Channel Coupling |
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@end table |
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@item -cpl_start_band @var{number} |
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Coupling Start Band. Sets the channel coupling start band, from 1 to 15. If a |
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value higher than the bandwidth is used, it will be reduced to 1 less than the |
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coupling end band. If @var{auto} is used, the start band will be determined by |
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the encoder based on the bit rate, sample rate, and channel layout. This option |
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has no effect if channel coupling is disabled. |
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@table @option |
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@item -1 |
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@itemx auto |
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Selected by Encoder (default) |
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@end table |
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@end table |
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@c man end AUDIO ENCODERS |
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@chapter Video Encoders |
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@c man begin VIDEO ENCODERS |
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@section libx264 |
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x264 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC encoder wrapper |
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x264 supports an impressive number of features, including 8x8 and 4x4 adaptive |
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spatial transform, adaptive B-frame placement, CAVLC/CABAC entropy coding, |
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interlacing (MBAFF), lossless mode, psy optimizations for detail retention |
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(adaptive quantization, psy-RD, psy-trellis). |
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The Libav wrapper provides a mapping for most of them using global options |
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that match those of the encoders and provides private options for the unique |
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encoder options. Additionally an expert override is provided to directly pass |
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a list of key=value tuples as accepted by x264_param_parse. |
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@subsection Option Mapping |
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The following options are supported by the x264 wrapper, the x264-equivalent |
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options follow the Libav ones. |
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@multitable @columnfractions .2 .2 |
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@item b @tab bitrate |
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Libav @code{b} option is expressed in bits/s, x264 @code{bitrate} in kilobits/s. |
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@item bf @tab bframes |
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Maximum number of B-frames. |
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@item g @tab keyint |
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Maximum GOP size. |
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@item qmin @tab qpmin |
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@item qmax @tab qpmax |
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@item qdiff @tab qpstep |
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@item qblur @tab qblur |
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@item qcomp @tab qcomp |
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@item refs @tab ref |
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@item sc_threshold @tab scenecut |
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@item trellis @tab trellis |
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@item nr @tab nr |
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Noise reduction. |
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@item me_range @tab merange |
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@item me_method @tab me |
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@item subq @tab subme |
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@item b_strategy @tab b-adapt |
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@item keyint_min @tab keyint-min |
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@item coder @tab cabac |
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Set coder to @code{ac} to use CABAC. |
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@item cmp @tab chroma-me |
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Set to @code{chroma} to use chroma motion estimation. |
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@item threads @tab threads |
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@item thread_type @tab sliced_threads |
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Set to @code{slice} to use sliced threading instead of frame threading. |
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@item flags -cgop @tab open-gop |
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Set @code{-cgop} to use recovery points to close GOPs. |
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@item rc_init_occupancy @tab vbv-init |
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Initial buffer occupancy. |
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@end multitable |
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@subsection Private Options |
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@table @option |
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@item -preset @var{string} |
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Set the encoding preset (cf. x264 --fullhelp). |
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@item -tune @var{string} |
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Tune the encoding params (cf. x264 --fullhelp). |
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@item -profile @var{string} |
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Set profile restrictions (cf. x264 --fullhelp). |
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@item -fastfirstpass @var{integer} |
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Use fast settings when encoding first pass. |
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@item -crf @var{float} |
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Select the quality for constant quality mode. |
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@item -crf_max @var{float} |
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In CRF mode, prevents VBV from lowering quality beyond this point. |
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@item -qp @var{integer} |
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Constant quantization parameter rate control method. |
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@item -aq-mode @var{integer} |
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AQ method |
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Possible values: |
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@table @samp |
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@item none |
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@item variance |
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Variance AQ (complexity mask). |
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@item autovariance |
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Auto-variance AQ (experimental). |
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@end table |
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@item -aq-strength @var{float} |
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AQ strength, reduces blocking and blurring in flat and textured areas. |
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@item -psy @var{integer} |
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Use psychovisual optimizations. |
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@item -psy-rd @var{string} |
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Strength of psychovisual optimization, in <psy-rd>:<psy-trellis> format. |
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@item -rc-lookahead @var{integer} |
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Number of frames to look ahead for frametype and ratecontrol. |
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@item -weightb @var{integer} |
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Weighted prediction for B-frames. |
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@item -weightp @var{integer} |
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Weighted prediction analysis method. |
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Possible values: |
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@table @samp |
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@item none |
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@item simple |
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@item smart |
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@end table |
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@item -ssim @var{integer} |
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Calculate and print SSIM stats. |
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@item -intra-refresh @var{integer} |
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Use Periodic Intra Refresh instead of IDR frames. |
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@item -b-bias @var{integer} |
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Influences how often B-frames are used. |
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@item -b-pyramid @var{integer} |
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Keep some B-frames as references. |
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Possible values: |
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@table @samp |
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@item none |
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@item strict |
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Strictly hierarchical pyramid. |
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@item normal |
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Non-strict (not Blu-ray compatible). |
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@end table |
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@item -mixed-refs @var{integer} |
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One reference per partition, as opposed to one reference per macroblock. |
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@item -8x8dct @var{integer} |
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High profile 8x8 transform. |
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@item -fast-pskip @var{integer} |
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@item -aud @var{integer} |
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Use access unit delimiters. |
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@item -mbtree @var{integer} |
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Use macroblock tree ratecontrol. |
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@item -deblock @var{string} |
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Loop filter parameters, in <alpha:beta> form. |
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@item -cplxblur @var{float} |
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Reduce fluctuations in QP (before curve compression). |
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@item -partitions @var{string} |
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A comma-separated list of partitions to consider, possible values: p8x8, p4x4, b8x8, i8x8, i4x4, none, all. |
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@item -direct-pred @var{integer} |
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Direct MV prediction mode |
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Possible values: |
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@table @samp |
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@item none |
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@item spatial |
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@item temporal |
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@item auto |
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@end table |
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@item -slice-max-size @var{integer} |
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Limit the size of each slice in bytes. |
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@item -stats @var{string} |
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Filename for 2 pass stats. |
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@item -nal-hrd @var{integer} |
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Signal HRD information (requires vbv-bufsize; cbr not allowed in .mp4). |
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Possible values: |
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@table @samp |
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@item none |
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@item vbr |
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@item cbr |
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@end table |
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@item -x264-params @var{string} |
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Override the x264 configuration using a :-separated list of key=value parameters. |
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@example |
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-x264-params level=30:bframes=0:weightp=0:cabac=0:ref=1:vbv-maxrate=768:vbv-bufsize=2000:analyse=all:me=umh:no-fast-pskip=1:subq=6:8x8dct=0:trellis=0 |
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@end example |
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@end table |
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Encoding avpresets for common usages are provided so they can be used with the |
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general presets system (e.g. passing the @code{-pre} option). |
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@c man end VIDEO ENCODERS
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