This commit reorders the coding tools such that they're doing what
the decoder does in reverse order. The very first thing the decoder
does is to decode M/S stereo if that's signalled, then prediction,
IS, and finally TNS and PNS in another function.
adjust_frame_information()'s application of IS and M/S was taken
out into two separate functions since prediction doesn't expect
to get the raw coefficients but rathe the coefficients at that
part of the encoding process.
The results show a much better PSNR when any combination of
Intensity Stereo, Mid/Side stereo and Prediction is used, which
is a sign of an increased encoder efficiency as well as the fact
that the decoder gets what it expects.
Otherwise, with only IS, PNS or prediction there are neither
regressions nor improvements except in the case of IS, which
now by itself (or with PNS) is less prone to artifacts. Enabling
M/S (using stereo_mode) as well will also reduce stereo artifacts
induced by IS, so in the very near future M/S may be enabled
by default.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
If the selected coder isn't twoloop, this commit temporarily
disables IS and PNS.
The problem is in the encode_window_bands_info() being confused
and setting invalid band_types for non-marked (normal) bands.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
Since the changes made a few week ago (which were done more than a
month ago) the quality and stability of intensity stereo has been
notably good. There were some requests and wishes to have in on by
default and therefore it has been enabled. Should any regressions
arise changes will be made to preferably keep it operating rather
than just disabling it by default again.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
It has been in the current encoder in its current implementation
for quite some time now, so enable it by default. Will increase
quality at all bitrates, especially at low ones.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
Purely a cosmetic change, most of the zeroing of encoder resources
should happen at the top of the main loop.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit reworks the TNS implementation to a hybrid between what
the specifications say, what the decoder does and what's the best
thing to do.
The filter application function was copied from the decoder and
modified such that it applies the inverse AR filter to the
coefficients. The LPC coefficients themselves are fed into the
same quantization expression that the specifications say should
be used however further processing is not done, instead they're
converted to the form that the decoder expects them to be in
and are sent off to the compute_lpc_coeffs function exactly the
way the decoder does. This function does all conversions and will
return the exact coefficients that the decoder will generate, which
are then applied to the coefficients.
Having the exact same coefficients on both the encoder and decoder
is a must since otherwise the entire sfb's over which the filter
is applied will be attenuated.
Despite this major rework, TNS might not work fine on some audio
types at very low bitrates (e.g. sub 90kbps) as it can attenuate
some coefficients too much. Users are advised to experiment with
TNS at higher bitrates if they wish to use this tool or simply
wait for the implementation to be improved.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
Turns out autocorrelating more than 750 coefficients at once
will cause a segfault, despite there being enough space to
hold an entire frame of samples into the buffer.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
The order should never go above TNS_MAX_ORDER (and thus cause
the context to be reinitialized) but this is just in case.
Also fix a comparison, since the coefficients are zero-indexed.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
Pulses are already on the way so expect to see the list
gone in the close future.
TNS is already of sufficiently high quality to be enabled
by default (but isn't yet, so you too can help by testing!).
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit abandons the way the specifications state to
quantize the coefficients, makes use of the new LPC float
functions and is much better.
The original way of converting non-normalized float samples
to int32_t which out LPC system expects was wrong and it was
wrong to assume the coefficients that are generated are also
valid. It was essentially a full garbage-in, garbage-out
system and it definitely shows when looking at spectrals
and listening. The high frequencies were very overattenuated.
The new LPC function performs the analysis directly.
The specifications state to quantize the coefficients into
four bit index values using an asin() function which of course
had to have ugly ternary operators because the function turns
negative if the coefficients are negative which when encoding
causes invalid bitstream to get generated.
This deviates from this by using the direct TNS tables, which
are fairly small since you only have 4 bits at most for index
values. The LPC values are directly quantized against the tables
and are then used to perform filtering after the requantization,
which simply fetches the array values.
The end result is that TNS works much better now and doesn't
attenuate anything but the actual signal, e.g. TNS removes
quantization errors and does it's job correctly now.
It might be enabled by default soon since it doesn't hurt and
helps reduce nastyness at low bitrates.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit completely alters the algorithm of prediction.
The original commit which introduced prediction was completely
incorrect to even remotely care about what the actual coefficients
contain or whether any options were enabled. Not my actual fault.
This commit treats prediction the way the decoder does and expects
to do: like lossy encryption. Everything related to prediction now
happens at the very end but just before quantization and encoding
of coefficients. On the decoder side, prediction happens before
anything has had a chance to even access the coefficients.
Also the original implementation had problems because it actually
touched the band_type of special bands which already had their
scalefactor indices marked and it's a wonder the asserion wasn't
triggered when transmitting those.
Overall, this now drastically increases audio quality and you should
think about enabling it if you don't plan on playing anything encoded
on really old low power ultra-embedded devices since they might not
support decoding of prediction or AAC-Main. Though the specifications
were written ages ago and as times change so do the FLOPS.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This was missed when the original commits were done. FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN
is what's in avctx->profile when no audio profile is specified.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
When the encoder is ran without specifying -profile:a
the default avctx->profile value is -99 (FF_PROFILE_UKNOWN),
which used to be treated as AAC-LC.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit finalizes AAC-Main profile encoding support
by implementing all mandatory and optional tools available
in the specifications and current decoders.
The AAC-Main profile reqires that prediction support be
present (although decoders don't require it to be enabled)
for an encoder to be deemed capable of AAC-Main encoding,
as well as TNS, PNS and IS, all of which were implemented
with previous commits or earlier of this year.
Users are encouraged to test the new functionality using either
-profile:a aac_main or -aac_pred 1, the former of which will enable
the prediction option by default and the latter will change the
profile to AAC-Main. No other options shall be changed by enabling
either, it's currently up to the users to decide what's best.
The current implementation works best using M/S and/or IS,
so users are also welcome to enable both options and any
other options (TNS, PNS) for maximum quality.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit implements temporal noise shaping support in the
encoder, along with an -aac_tns option to toggle it on or off
(off by default for now). TNS will increase audio quality
and reduce quantization noise by applying a multitap FIR filter
across allowed coefficients and transmit side information to the
decoder so it could create an inverse filter.
Users are encouraged to test the new functionality by enabling
-aac_tns 1 during encoding.
No major bugs are observable at this time so after a while if no
new problems appear and if the current implementation is deemed
of high enough quality and stability it will be enabled by default,
possibly at the same time the encoder has its experimental flag
removed and becomes the standard aac encoder in ffmpeg.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit permits for the use of the Main profile
in encoding. The functionality of that profile will
be added in the commits following. By itself, this
commit does not alter anything.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit moves the intensity stereo implementation
out from aaccoder and into a separate file. This was
possible using the previous commits.
This commit also drastically improves the IS implementation
by making it phase invariant e.g. it will always choose the
best possible phase regardless of whether M/S coding is on
or most of the coefficients have identical phases.
This also increases the quality and reduces any distortions
introduced by enablind intensity stereo.
Users are encouraged to test it out using the -aac_is 1
parameter as it has always been.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit moves the quantizer to a separate header file.
This allows the quantizer to be used from a separate files outside
of aaccoder without having to put another function pointer and will
result in a slight speedup as the compiler can do more optimizations.
This is required for commits following.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit only creates and initializes an LTP
context which is needed for upcoming commits (TNS).
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit simply populates the table pointer which is needed
for upcoming commits (TNS, prediction, etc.). Copied from
the decoder.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit moves the resetting of special bands (above RESERVED_BT)
to the main frame encoding function rather than the way it was done
previously in their corresponding search_for_... functions.
The reason why special bands need to be reset is that while normal
bands get chosen for every frame by the coder (twoloop by default)
the coders do not touch any special sfbs and will therefore
make them persist throughout the file.
If we zero them out any bands left unmarked will be chosen by
the second part of the coder (the trellis function in aaccoder.c).
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit only changes the coding style to a saner way
of accessing coefficients (makes more sense to get the
memory address of a coefficients and start from there
rather than adding arbitrary numbers to offset a pointer).
Some compilers might detect an out of bounds access easier.
Also the way M/S and IS coefficients are calculated has been
changed, but should still have the same result (with the exception
that IS now applies from the normal coefficients rather than the
pristine ones, this is needed for upcoming commits).
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
As well as tables littered everywhere, functions were spread
out all across the encoder's files. This moves them to a single
place where they can be used by either the encoder's main files
or additional encoder files. Additionally, it changes the type
of some to 'inline' to enable us to simply put them in a header
file and possibly gain some speed due to compiler optimizations.
Signed-off-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
This commit moves any tables specific to the encoder from aacenc
and aaccoder to a separate file called 'aacenctab.c/.h'.
This was done as a clean up attempt as the encoder was filled with
tables pasted in between functions which made it confusing to follow
and track where each table and definition had been used.
This commit solves this by simply exporting the smaller tables out to
the aacenctab.h while the larger ones are compiled using aacenctab.c
and are referenced from the header file.
Signed-off-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
This commit adds a short description to the aac_coder option of the
AAC encoder in order to be consistent with the other options.
Generally, right now, the 'FAAC' method works fine with speech and
low broadband spectrum audio. 'Fast' is just as the name suggests.
'ANMR' still needs work and 'Twoloop', the default, works well with
every type of audio.
Signed-off-by: Rostislav Pehlivanov <atomnuker@gmail.com>
This commit removes a redundant argument from the functions in aaccoder.
The argument lambda was redundant as it was just a copy of s->lambda,
to which all functions have access to anyway. This cleans up the function
pointers a bit which is helpful as there are a lot of other search_for_*
functions under development and with them populated it gets messy.
Reviewed-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michael@niedermayer.cc>
This parameter can be used to inform the allocation code about how much
downsizing might occur, and can be used to optimize how to allocate the
packet
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michael@niedermayer.cc>
Avoid clipping due to quantization noise to produce audible
artifacts, by detecting near-clipping signals and both attenuating
them a little and encoding escape-encoded bands (usually the
loudest) rounding towards zero instead of nearest, which tends to
decrease overall energy and thus clipping.
Currently fate tests measure numerical error so this change makes
tests using asynth (which are near clipping) report higher error
not less, because of window attenuation. Yet, they sound better,
not worse (albeit subtle, other samples aren't subtle at all).
Only measuring psychoacoustically weighted error would make for
a representative test, so that will be left for a future patch.
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michael@niedermayer.cc>
This commit moves the generation of ff_aac_pow34sf_tab[] out of the
encoder and into the table generator. The original commit log for
this table in 2011 actually mentions that it should be moved outside
but this never happened.
This is the first commit which cleans up the encoder a little.
Reviewed-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michael@niedermayer.cc>
Since the new PNS implementation has been merged and is no longer considered
proof of concept (as it's much more complex and better than the previous), change
the comments to reflect that. We need people testing it (since all AAC profiles
require it to be on by default) and having it tagged as proof of concept might drive some away.
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
This commit implements intensity stereo coding support
to the native aac encoder. This is a way to increase the efficiency
of the encoder by zeroing the right channel's spectral coefficients
(in a channel pair) and rederiving them in the decoder using information
from the scalefactor indices of special band types. This commit
confomrs to the official ISO 13818-7 specifications, although due to
their ambiguity certain deviations have been taken to ensure maximum
sound quality. This commit has been extensively tested and has shown
to not result in audiable audio artifacts unless in extreme cases.
This commit also adds an option, aac_is, which has the value of
0 by default. Intensity Stereo is part of the scalable aac profile
and is thus non-default.
The way IS coding works is that it rederives the right channel's
spectral coefficients from the left channel via the scalefactor
index values left in the right channel. Since an entire band's
spectral coefficients do not need to be coded, the encoder's
efficiency jumps up and it unzeroes some high frequency values
which it previously did not have enough bits to encode. That way
less information is lost than the information lost by rederiving
the spectral coefficients with some error. This is why the
filesize of files encoded with IS do not decrease significantly.
Users wishing that IS coding should reduce filesize are expected
to reduce their encoding bitrates appropriately.
This is V2 of the commit. The old version did not mark ms_mask as
0 since M/S and IS coding are incompactible, which resulted in
distortions with M/S coding enabled. This version also improves
phase detection by measuring it for every spectral coefficient in
the band and using a simple majority rule to determine whether the
coefficients are in or out of phase. Also, the energy values per
spectral coefficient were changed as to reflect the
official specifications.
Reviewed-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
This commit adds support for the coding of intensity stereo spectral
coefficients. It also fixes the Mid/Side coding of band_types higher
than RESERVED_BT (M/S must not be applied to their spectral coefficients,
but marking M/S as present in encode_ms_info() is okay). Much
of the changes here were taken from the decoder and inverted.
This commit does not change the functionality of the decoder as the
previous patch in this series zeroes ms_mask and is_mask.
Reviewed-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
This commit finalizes the PNS implementation previously added to the encoder
by moving it to a seperate function search_for_pns() and thus making it
coder-generic. This new implementation makes use of the spread field of
the psy bands and the lambda quality feedback paremeter. The spread of the
spectrum in a band prevents PNS from being used excessively and thus preserve
more phase information in high frequencies. The lambda parameter allows
the number of PNS-marked bands to vary based on the lambda parameter and the
amount of bits available, making better choices on which bands are to be marked
as noise. Comparisons with the previous PNS implementation can be found
here: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/attachment/wiki/Encode/AAC/
This is V2 of the patch, the changes from the previous version being that this
version uses the new band->spread metric from aacpsy and normalizes the
energy using the group size. These changes were suggested by Claudio Freire
on the mailing list. Another change is the use of lambda to alter the
frequency threshold. This change makes the actual threshold frequencies
vary between +-2Khz of what's specified, depending on frame encoding performance.
Reviewed-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
This commit enables the function added with commit 7c10b87 and uses that
new function for setting any special scalefactor indices. This commit does
not change the behaviour of the encoder since no bands are being marked as
either NOISE_BT(due to the previous PNS implementation removed in the
previous commit) or INTENSITY_BT2/INTENSITY_BT.
Reviewed-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
This commit resets any bands marked as M/S or IS upon encoding a frame.
This is needed because the arrays may contain some residual information
upon allocation on startup and because there isn't any mechanism to
reset the arrays once the frame has been encoded.
Reviewed-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
This commit adds support for the coding of intensity stereo scalefactor indices.
It does not do any marking of such bands and as such does no functional changes
to the encoder. It removes any old twoloop specific code for PNS and moves it
into a seperate function which handles setting of scalefactor indices for
PNS and IS bands.
Reviewed-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
This commit implements the perceptual noise substitution AAC extension. This is a proof of concept
implementation, and as such, is not enabled by default. This is the fourth revision of this patch,
made after some problems were noted out. Any changes made since the previous revisions have been indicated.
In order to extend the encoder to use an additional codebook, the array holding each codebook has been
modified with two additional entries - 13 for the NOISE_BT codebook and 12 which has a placeholder function.
The cost system was modified to skip the 12th entry using an array to map the input and outputs it has. It
also does not accept using the 13th codebook for any band which is not marked as containing noise, thereby
restricting its ability to arbitrarily choose it for bands. The use of arrays allows the system to be easily
extended to allow for intensity stereo encoding, which uses additional codebooks.
The 12th entry in the codebook function array points to a function which stops the execution of the program
by calling an assert with an always 'false' argument. It was pointed out in an email discussion with
Claudio Freire that having a 'NULL' entry can result in unexpected behaviour and could be used as
a security hole. There is no danger of this function being called during encoding due to the codebook maps introduced.
Another change from version 1 of the patch is the addition of an argument to the encoder, '-aac_pns' to
enable and disable the PNS. This currently defaults to disable the PNS, as it is experimental.
The switch will be removed in the future, when the algorithm to select noise bands has been improved.
The current algorithm simply compares the energy to the threshold (multiplied by a constant) to determine
noise, however the FFPsyBand structure contains other useful figures to determine which bands carry noise more accurately.
Some of the sample files provided triggered an assertion when the parameter to tune the threshold was set to
a value of '2.2'. Claudio Freire reported the problem's source could be in the range of the scalefactor
indices for noise and advised to measure the minimal index and clip anything above the maximum allowed
value. This has been implemented and all the files which used to trigger the asserion now encode without error.
The third revision of the problem also removes unneded variabes and comparisons. All of them were
redundant and were of little use for when the PNS implementation would be extended.
The fourth revision moved the clipping of the noise scalefactors outside the second loop of the two-loop
algorithm in order to prevent their redundant calculations. Also, freq_mult has been changed to a float
variable due to the fact that rounding errors can prove to be a problem at low frequencies.
Considerations were taken whether the entire expression could be evaluated inside the expression
, but in the end it was decided that it would be for the best if just the type of the variable were
to change. Claudio Freire reported the two problems. There is no change of functionality
(except for low sampling frequencies) so the spectral demonstrations at the end of this commit's message were not updated.
Finally, the way energy values are converted to scalefactor indices has changed since the first commit,
as per the suggestion of Claudio Freire. This may still have some drawbacks, but unlike the first commit
it works without having redundant offsets and outputs what the decoder expects to have, in terms of the
ranges of the scalefactor indices.
Some spectral comparisons: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/attachment/wiki/Encode/AAC/Original.png (original),
https://trac.ffmpeg.org/attachment/wiki/Encode/AAC/PNS_NO.png (encoded without PNS),
https://trac.ffmpeg.org/attachment/wiki/Encode/AAC/PNS1.2.png (encoded with PNS, const = 1.2),
https://trac.ffmpeg.org/attachment/wiki/Encode/AAC/Difference1.png (spectral difference).
The constant is the value which multiplies the threshold when it gets compared to the energy, larger
values means more noise will be substituded by PNS values. Example when const = 2.2:
https://trac.ffmpeg.org/attachment/wiki/Encode/AAC/PNS_2.2.png
Reviewed-by: Claudio Freire <klaussfreire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
This commit adjusts the intial offset for PNS values, introduced
with commit f7f71b5795 earlier. This
commit shifts the value in such a way that no further offsets are
required in the aaccoder.c file. Earlier version of the PNS patch had 2 offsets in both the aaccoder and aacenc.
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
This commit implements support for writing the noise energy values used in PNS.
The difference between regular scalefactors and noise energy values is that the latter
require a small preamble (NOISE_PRE + energy_value_diff) to be written as the first
noise-containing band. Any following noise energy values use the previous one to
base their "diff" on. Ordinary scalefactors remain unchanged other than that they ignore the noise values.
This commit should not change anything by itself, the following commits will bring it in use.
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
Instead, warn that bitrate will be clamped down to the maximum allowed.
Patch is mostly work of Kamendo2 in issue #2686, quite tested within that issue.
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
This patch fixes a pointer arithmetic bug in adjust_frame_information that resulted in heavily corrupted audio when using M/S encoding. Also, a backup copy of untransformed coefficients has to be kept around or attempts at re-processing the frame (which happens when hevavily overspending bits during transients) will result in re-encoding of the coefficients and subsequent corruption of the resulting stream.
A/B testing shows the bug as corrected, but still cannot prove that M/S coding is a win at least in numbers. Limited listening tests do show improvement on M/S encoded samples in lower bitrates, but they're hidden among the other artifacts that remain to be corrected in the encoder.
Some of the regressions flagged in the report do show poor stereo image (but not buggy), so M/S encoding is clearly not good enough yet to be defaulted to auto.
In numbers, Patched against Unpatched, stereo_mode auto:
Files: 114
Bitrates: 6
Tests: 683
Serious Regressions: 0 (0%)
Regressions: 0 (0%)
Improvements: 227 (33%)
Big improvements: 92 (13%)
Worst regression - mybloodrusts.wv - 256k
- StdDev: 28.61 pSNR: -0.43 maxdiff: 1372.00
Best improvement - 60.wv - 384k
- StdDev: -369.57 pSNR: 45.02 maxdiff: -13322.00
Average - StdDev: -80.56 pSNR: 2.49 maxdiff: -8858.00
Patched against Unpatched stereo_mode ms_off shows no difference.
Patched stereo_mode auto vs Unpatched stereo_mode ms_off shows a small average improvement, just not too significant:
Serious Regressions: 0 (0%)
Regressions: 10 (1%)
Improvements: 45 (6%)
Big improvements: 2 (0%)
Worst regression - Illinois.wv - 256k
- StdDev: 33.20 pSNR: -2.03 maxdiff: 477.00
Best improvement - song_of_circomstances.flac - 384k
- StdDev: -3.97 pSNR: 7.61 maxdiff: -826.00
Average - StdDev: -10.25 pSNR: 0.20 maxdiff: -281.00
Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
Several encoders were multiplying the buffer size by 8, in order to get
a bit size. However, the buffer_size argument is for the byte size of
the buffer. We had experienced crashes encoding prores (Anatoliy) at
size 4096x4096.
Rostislav Pehlivanov
Timothy Gu
Vittorio Giovara
Michael Niedermayer
Claudio Freire
Michael Niedermayer
Dyami Caliri
